గద్ద
వికీపీడియా నుండి
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ఈ వ్యాసము మొలక(ప్రాథమిక దశలో ఉన్నది). ఈ మొలకను వ్యాసంగా విస్తరించి, ఈ మూసను తొలగించండి. |
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 White-tailed Eagle in flight
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| Several, see text.
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గద్ద లేదా గ్రద్ద (ఆంగ్లం Eagle; సంస్కృతం: గృధ్రము) ఒకరకమైన పక్షులు. ఇవి ఫాల్కనీఫార్మిస్ క్రమంలో ఏక్సీపెట్రిడే కుటుంబానికి చెందినవి.
ఇందులోని సుమారు 60 జాతులలో ఎక్కువగా యూరేసియా మరియు ఆఫ్రికా ఖండాలలో కనిపిస్తాయి.[1] ఒక రెండు జాతులు (బాల్డ్ గద్దలు మరియు గోల్డెన్ గద్దలు) మాత్రమే అమెరికా మరియు కెనడా లో, తొమ్మిది జాతులు మధ్య మరియు దక్షిణ అమెరికాలోను మరియు మూడు జాతులు ఆస్ట్రేలియాలోను కనిపిస్తాయి.
[మార్చు] జాతులు
దస్త్రం:Martial Eagle in Namibia.jpg
Martial Eagle in Namibia.
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Major new research into eagle taxonomy suggests that the important genera Aquila and Hieraaetus are not composed of nearest relatives, and it is likely that a reclassification of these genera will soon take place, with some species being moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus.[2]
- Bonelli's Eagle, the Booted Eagle and the Little Eagle have been moved from Hieraaetus to Aquila.
- Either the Greater Spotted Eagle and Lesser Spotted Eagle should move from Aquila to join the Long-crested Eagle in Lophaetus, or, perhaps better, all three of these species should move to Ictinaetus with the Black Eagle.
- The Steppe Eagle and Tawny Eagle, once thought to be conspecific, are not even each other's nearest relatives.
FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE
- Subfamily Buteoninae - hawks (buzzards), true eagles and sea-eagles
- Genus Geranoaetus
- Black-chested Buzzard-eagle, Geranoaetus melanoleucus
- Genus Harpyhaliaetus
- Crowned Solitary Eagle, Harpyhaliaetus coronatus
- Solitary Eagle, H. solitarius
- Genus Morphnus
- Crested Eagle, Morphnus guianensis
- Genus Harpia
- Harpy Eagle, Harpia harpyja
- Genus Pithecophaga
- Philippine Eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi
- Genus Harpyopsis
- New Guinea Eagle, Harpyopsis novaeguineae
- Genus Oroaetus
- Black-and-chestnut Eagle, Oroaetus isidori
- Genus Spizaetus
- Cassin's Hawk-eagle, Spizaetus africanus
- Changeable Hawk-eagle, S. cirrhatus
- Mountain Hawk-eagle, S. nipalensis
- Blyth's Hawk-eagle, S. alboniger
- Javan Hawk-eagle, S. bartelsi
- Sulawesi Hawk-eagle, S. lanceolatus
- Philippine Hawk-eagle, S. philippensis
- Wallace's Hawk-eagle, S. nanus
- Black Hawk-eagle, S. tyrannus
- Ornate Hawk-eagle, S. ornatus
- Black-and-white Hawk-eagle, S. melanoleucus
- Genus Lophaetus
- Long-crested Eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis - possibly belongs in Ictinaetus
- Genus Stephanoaetus
- Crowned Hawk-eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus
- Genus Polemaetus
- Martial Eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus
- Genus Hieraaetus
- Ayres' Hawk-eagle, Hieraaetus ayresii
- African Hawk Eagle, H. spilogaster
- New Guinea Hawk-eagle, H. weiskei
- Genus Harpagornis (extinct)
- Haast's Eagle, †Harpagornis moorei - possibly belongs in either Hieraaetus or Aquila[3]
- Genus Geranoaetus
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- Genus Aquila
- Bonelli's Eagle, Aquila fasciata - formerly Hieraaetus fasciatus
- Booted Eagle, A. pennata - formerly Hieraaetus pennatus
- Little Eagle, A. morphnoides
- Golden Eagle, A. chrysaetos
- Eastern Imperial Eagle, A. heliaca
- Rufous-bellied Eagle, A. kienerii
- Spanish Imperial Eagle A. adalberti
- Steppe Eagle, A. nipalensis
- Tawny Eagle, A. rapax
- Greater Spotted Eagle, A. clanga - to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus
- Lesser Spotted Eagle, A. pomarina - to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus
- Indian Spotted Eagle, A. hastata - to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus
- Verreaux's Eagle, A. verreauxii
- Gurney's Eagle, A. gurneyi
- Wahlberg's Eagle, A. wahlbergi
- Wedge-tailed Eagle, A. audax
- Genus Ictinaetus
- అడవి నల్ల గద్ద (Black Eagle), Ictinaetus malayensis
- Genus Haliaeetus
- White-tailed Eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla
- Bald Eagle, H. leucocephalus
- Steller's Sea-eagle, H. pelagicus
- African Fish-eagle, H. vocifer
- White-bellied Sea-eagle, H. leucogaster
- Sanford's Fish-eagle, H. sanfordi
- Madagascar Fish-eagle, H. vociferoides
- Pallas' Sea-eagle, H. leucoryphus
- Genus Ichthyophaga
- Lesser Fish-eagle, Ichthyophaga humilis
- Grey-headed Fish-eagle, I. ichthyaetus
- Genus Aquila
- Subfamily Circaetinae: snake-eagles
- Genus Terathopius
- Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus
- Genus Circaetus
- పాముల గద్ద (Short-toed Eagle), Circaetus gallicus
- Black-chested Snake-eagle, C. pectoralis
- Brown Snake-eagle, C. cinereus
- Fasciated Snake-eagle, C. fasciolatus
- Banded Snake-eagle, C. cinerascens
- Genus Spilornis
- నల్లపాముల గద్ద (Crested Serpent-eagle), Spilornis cheela
- Nicobar Serpent-eagle, S. minimus
- Mountain Serpent-eagle,S. kinabaluensis
- Sulawesi Serpent-eagle, S. rufipectus
- Philippine Serpent-eagle, S. holospilus
- Andaman Serpent-eagle, S. elgini
- Genus Eutriorchis
- Madagascar Serpent-eagle, Eutriorchis astur
- Genus Terathopius
[మార్చు] మూలాలు
- ↑ del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-15-6
- ↑ Lerner, H. R. L.; D. P. Mindell (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37 (37): 327–346. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. PMID 15925523.
- ↑ Bunce, M.; et al. (2005). "Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle". PLoS Biol 3 (1): e9. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030009. PMID 15660162. Retrieved on 2006-12-27.
