ప్లాటిసెర్సినాయె
| Platycercinae | |
|---|---|
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| A pair of Red-rumped Parrots | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Subfamily: | Psittacinae |
| Tribe: | Platycercini |
| Genera | |
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Prosopeia |
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A broad-tailed parrot is any of about 35–40 species belonging to the tribe Platycercini, sometimes considered a subfamily (Platycercinae). The members of the subfamily are small to medium in size, and all are native to Australasia, Australia in particular, but also New Zealand, New Caledonia, and nearby islands.
Current opinion is apparently starting to lean towards treatment as a subfamily. mtDNA sequence data suggests that the broad-tailed parrots form a distinct lineage as ancient as the cockatoos, lories and lorikeets. In addition, the genus Polytelis (and conceivably Alisterus and Aprosmictus also) might belong here too.[1]
If the group is treated as a subfamily, the last genera Neopsephotus/Neophema (and possibly including Psephotus and relatives), Melopsittacus and Pezoporus are usually considered to form a distinct tribe from the rest, the Neophemini. It appears as if they do at least form a distinct clade.[1]
TRIBE PLATYCERCINI
- Genus Prosopeia
- Crimson Shining Parrot, Prosopeia splendens
- Masked Shining Parrot, Prosopeia personata
- Red Shining Parrot, Prosopeia tabuensis
- Genus Eunymphicus
- Horned Parakeet, Eunymphicus cornutus
- Uvea Parakeet, Eunymphicus uvaeensis
- Genus Cyanoramphus
- Black-fronted Parakeet, Cyanoramphus zealandicus (extinct, c.1850)
- Society Parakeet, Cyanoramphus ulietanus (extinct, late 18th century)
- Antipodes Parakeet, Cyanoramphus unicolor
- Red-fronted Parakeet, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
- Subantarctic Red-crowned Parakeet, Cyanoramphus erythrotis
- Reischek's Parakeet, Cyanoramphus (erythrotis) hochstetteri
- Yellow-fronted Parakeet, Cyanoramphus auriceps
- Chatham Parakeet, Cyanoramphus forbesi
- Malherbe's Parakeet, Cyanoramphus malherbi
- Genus Platycercus
- Western Rosella, Platycercus icterotis
- Crimson Rosella, Platycercus elegans
- Adelaide Rosella, Platycercus (elegans) adelaidae
- Yellow Rosella, Platycercus (elegans) flaveolus
- Green Rosella, Platycercus caledonicus
- Pale-headed Rosella, Platycercus adscitus
- Eastern Rosella, Platycercus (adscitus) eximius
- Northern Rosella, Platycercus venustus
- Genus Barnardius - sometimes included in Platycercus
- Australian Ringneck, Barnardius zonarius
- Genus Purpureicephalus
- Red-capped Parrot, Purpureicephalus spurius
- Genus Lathamus
- Swift Parrot, Lathamus discolor
- Genus Northiella - often included in Psephotus
- Bluebonnet, Northiella haematogaster
- Genus Psephotus
- Red-rumped Parrot, Psephotus haematonotus
- Mulga Parrot, Psephotus varius
- Golden-shouldered Parrot, Psephotus chrysoptergius
- Hooded Parrot, Psephotus dissimilis
- Paradise Parrot, Psephotus pulcherrimus (extinct, late 1920s)
The following genera are traditionally placed in this tribe, but this inclusion is either incorrect (Budgerigar) or at least doubtfull based on by molecular studies.[2][3][4][5] The closest relatives of the Budgerigar are the lories and lorikeets.[2][3][4][5] The genera Neopsephotus, Neophema and Pezoporus form a separate clade[2][4][6] and might be closer related to the clade consisting of the genera Agapornis, Loriculus, and Bolbopsittacus.[2]
- Genus Melopsittacus
- Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus
- Genus Neopsephotus - sometimes included in Neophema
- Bourke's Parrot, Neopsephotus bourkii
- Genus Neophema
- Blue-winged Parrot, Neophema chrysostoma
- Elegant Parrot, Neophema elegans
- Rock Parrot, Neophema petrophilla
- Orange-bellied Parrot, Neophema chrysogaster
- Turquoise Parrot, Neophema pulchella
- Scarlet-chested Parrot, Neophema splendida
- Genus Pezoporus
- Ground Parrot, Pezoporus wallicus
- Night Parrot, Pezoporus occidentalis - formerly Geopsittacus
References[మార్చు]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Miyaki, C. Y.; Matioli, S. R.; Burke, T. & Wajntal, A. (1998). "Parrot evolution and paleogeographical events: Mitochondrial DNA evidence". Molecular Biology and Evolution 15 (5): 544–551.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Wright, T.F.; Schirtzinger E. E., Matsumoto T., Eberhard J. R., Graves G. R., Sanchez J. J., Capelli S., Muller H., Scharpegge J., Chambers G. K. & Fleischer R. C. (2008). "A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous". Mol Biol Evol 25 (10): 2141–2156. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msn160. PMID 18653733.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Christidis, L., L.; R. Schodde, D. D. Shaw, and S. F. Maynes. (1991). "Christidis, L., R. Schodde, D. D. Shaw, and S. F. Maynes. 1991. Relationships among the Australo-Papuan parrots, lorikeets, and cockatoos (Aves, Psittaciformes) - protein evidence.". Condor 93: 302–317.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 de Kloet, RS; de Kloet SR (2005). "The evolution of the spindlin gene in birds: Sequence analysis of an intron of the spindlin W and Z gene reveals four major divisions of the Psittaciformes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36 (3): 706–721. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.013. PMID 16099384.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tokita, M; Kiyoshi T and Armstrong KN (2007). "Evolution of craniofacial novelty in parrots through developmental modularity and heterochrony". Evolution & Development 9: 590–601.
- ↑ (1994) "Molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Night Parrot (Geopsittacus occidentalis) and the Ground Parrot (Pezoporus wallicus)". Auk 111 (4): 833–843.
