మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

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{{అనువాదం}}
{{Infobox Politician
{{Infobox Politician
|honorific-prefix = [[పండిట్]]
|honorific-prefix = [[పండిట్]]
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}}
}}


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'''మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యా''' (1861–1946) భారతీయ విద్యావేత్త మరియు రాజకీయవేత్త. భారతీయ స్వాతంత్ర్యోద్యమంలో పాల్గొన్న సమరయోధుడు. ఆయన గౌరవంగా "పండిట్ మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవీయ" గా కూడా పిలువబడుతున్నారు.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=BX3wIjJ9mvMC&lpg=PA340&dq=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&pg=PA340#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&f=false</ref> ఆయన "మహాత్మా" గా కూడా గౌవరింపబడ్డాడు.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahamana's life as exemplary as Mahatma's: BHU V-C|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-27/varanasi/28102158_1_bhu-v-c-bhu-alumni-cell-birth-anniversary-celebrations |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 December 2009 }}</ref>
'''మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యా''' ([[1861]]-[[1946]]) ఒక రాజకీయ నాయకుడు. భారత స్వాతంత్ర సమరంలో తాను వహించిన పాత్రకు ప్రఖ్యాతి గడించాడు.


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[[1861]], [[డిసెంబరు 25]]న [[అలహాబాదు]]లో ఒక నిష్టులైన హిందూ కుటుంబములో పుట్టిన మాలవ్యా చిన్నప్పటి నుండి వేదాంతము చదివాడు.


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యుక్త వయస్సులో రెండు దినపత్రికలు ''హిందుస్తాన్''(హిందీ) మరియు ''ది ఇండియన్ యూనియన్''(ఇంగ్లీషు)<ref> [http://www.msnspecials.in/independenceday/indian_warriors1.asp A brief summary of Indian Warriors]</ref> లను స్థాపించాడు. [[భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్]]కు 1909లో మరియు 1918లో అధ్యక్షునిగా పనిచేసాడు. [[బెనారస్ హిందూ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం|బెనారెస్ హిందూ విశ్వవిద్యాలయాన్ని]] స్థాపించాడు.


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బ్రిటిష్ రాజ్యంలో భారత భవిష్యత్తును నిర్థారించడానికి ఏర్పాటైన [[సైమన్ కమీషన్]] ను వ్యతిరేకించడానికి [[లాలా లజపతి రాయ్]], [[జవహర్ లాల్ నెహ్రూ]] ఇంకా ఇతర స్వాతంత్ర సమరయోధులతో కలిశాడు. 1931లో జరిగిన [[రౌండు టేబులు సమావేశాలు|రౌండ్ టేబుల్ సమావేశం]]లో [[మహాత్మా గాంధీ]]తో కలిసి కాంగ్రేసు పార్టీకి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహించాడు.

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"''సత్యమేవ జయతే''" అనే నినాదాన్ని వ్యాపింపచేసాడు. అతడు గొప్ప విద్యావేత్త, కర్మయోగి, [[భగవద్గీత]]ను పాటించెను. సమకాలిక నాయకుల వలే కులమత భేదములను పోగొట్టడానికి ప్రయత్నించాడు.
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దేశ అత్యున్నత పురస్కారమైన భారతరత్న అవార్డును కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యకు 2014లో ప్రకటించింది. ఈయనతోపాటు భాజపా వ్యవస్థాపక అధ్యక్షుడు వాజ్‌పేయీకి భారతరత్న ప్రకటించింది.
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{{అనువాదం}}

''' Madan Mohan Malaviya''' ({{audio|Madan Mohan Malaviya.ogg|pronunciation}} (1861–1946) was an Indian educationist and politician notable for his role in the [[Indian independence movement]] and his espousal of [[Hindu nationalism]].
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He was respectfully addressed as '''Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya'''<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=BX3wIjJ9mvMC&lpg=PA340&dq=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&pg=PA340#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&f=false</ref> and also addressed as ''''Mahamana''''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahamana's life as exemplary as Mahatma's: BHU V-C|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-27/varanasi/28102158_1_bhu-v-c-bhu-alumni-cell-birth-anniversary-celebrations |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 December 2009 }}</ref>


Malaviya is most remembered as the founder of [[Banaras Hindu University]] (BHU) at Varanasi in 1915, the largest residential university in Asia and one of the largest in the world,<ref name="BHU set to realise future goals">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-13/varanasi/28042346_1_rajiv-gandhi-south-campus-mahamana-madan-mohan-malviya-banaras-hindu-university|title=BHU set to realise future goals|last=Singh|first=Binay |date=13 March 2009|publisher=The Times of India|accessdate=3 June 2011|location=VARANASI}}</ref> having over 12,000 students across arts, sciences, engineering and technology. Malaviya was [[Vice Chancellor]] of [[Banaras Hindu University]] from 1919–1938<ref name=bc>{{cite web |title=History of BHU |url=http://www.bhu.ac.in/history1.htm |publisher=Banaras Hindu University website |page=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=University at Buffalo, BHU sign exchange programme |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/oct/04univ.htm|publisher=[[Rediff]] News |date=4 October 2007}}</ref>
Malaviya is most remembered as the founder of [[Banaras Hindu University]] (BHU) at Varanasi in 1915, the largest residential university in Asia and one of the largest in the world,<ref name="BHU set to realise future goals">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-13/varanasi/28042346_1_rajiv-gandhi-south-campus-mahamana-madan-mohan-malviya-banaras-hindu-university|title=BHU set to realise future goals|last=Singh|first=Binay |date=13 March 2009|publisher=The Times of India|accessdate=3 June 2011|location=VARANASI}}</ref> having over 12,000 students across arts, sciences, engineering and technology. Malaviya was [[Vice Chancellor]] of [[Banaras Hindu University]] from 1919–1938<ref name=bc>{{cite web |title=History of BHU |url=http://www.bhu.ac.in/history1.htm |publisher=Banaras Hindu University website |page=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=University at Buffalo, BHU sign exchange programme |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/oct/04univ.htm|publisher=[[Rediff]] News |date=4 October 2007}}</ref>
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==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
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[[1861]], [[డిసెంబరు 25]]న [[అలహాబాదు]]లో ఒక నిష్టులైన హిందూ కుటుంబములో పుట్టిన మాలవ్యా చిన్నప్పటి నుండి వేదాంతము చదివాడు.

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యుక్త వయస్సులో రెండు దినపత్రికలు ''హిందుస్తాన్''(హిందీ) మరియు ''ది ఇండియన్ యూనియన్''(ఇంగ్లీషు)<ref> [http://www.msnspecials.in/independenceday/indian_warriors1.asp A brief summary of Indian Warriors]</ref> లను స్థాపించాడు. [[భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్]]కు 1909లో మరియు 1918లో అధ్యక్షునిగా పనిచేసాడు. [[బెనారస్ హిందూ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం|బెనారెస్ హిందూ విశ్వవిద్యాలయాన్ని]] స్థాపించాడు.

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బ్రిటిష్ రాజ్యంలో భారత భవిష్యత్తును నిర్థారించడానికి ఏర్పాటైన [[సైమన్ కమీషన్]] ను వ్యతిరేకించడానికి [[లాలా లజపతి రాయ్]], [[జవహర్ లాల్ నెహ్రూ]] ఇంకా ఇతర స్వాతంత్ర సమరయోధులతో కలిశాడు. 1931లో జరిగిన [[రౌండు టేబులు సమావేశాలు|రౌండ్ టేబుల్ సమావేశం]]లో [[మహాత్మా గాంధీ]]తో కలిసి కాంగ్రేసు పార్టీకి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహించాడు.

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"''సత్యమేవ జయతే''" అనే నినాదాన్ని వ్యాపింపచేసాడు. అతడు గొప్ప విద్యావేత్త, కర్మయోగి, [[భగవద్గీత]]ను పాటించెను. సమకాలిక నాయకుల వలే కులమత భేదములను పోగొట్టడానికి ప్రయత్నించాడు.
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దేశ అత్యున్నత పురస్కారమైన భారతరత్న అవార్డును కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యకు 2014లో ప్రకటించింది. ఈయనతోపాటు భాజపా వ్యవస్థాపక అధ్యక్షుడు వాజ్‌పేయీకి భారతరత్న ప్రకటించింది.



Malviya was born in [[Allahabad]], [[North-Western Provinces]], India on 25 December 1861,<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |date=May 1, 2009 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA63&dq=St.+Peter%27s+Church+allahabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=irMpUu_CN-XsiAfesIHgDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Allahabad&f=false |location= |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |pages=138–139 |isbn= |accessdate=March 24, 2014 }}</ref> in a [[Gauda brahmins|Sri Gaud Brahmin]] family to Pandit Brij Nath and Moona Devi. His ancestors, known for their [[Sanskrit]] scholarship, originally hailed from [[Malwa]], Madhya Pradesh and hence came to be known as 'Malviyas'. While their original surname were Vyas. Malviyas were the house priests for the [[Agarwal]] merchants of Benares.<ref name=gr>{{cite book |title=The Marwaris: From Jagat Seth to the Birlas |last=Timberg|first=Thomas A |authorlink= |year=2014|publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9789351187134|pages=|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=5cWUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&lpg=PT37&dq=manohar+das+dwarka+das&source=bl&ots=ay4PxNAvhj&sig=IyMTfEa3dyvrwNnG-LbqiKwyR68&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mKppVK7uMcKxuQS-8ICYCg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=aggarwal&f=false|ref= }}</ref> His father was also a learned man in Sanskrit scriptures, and used to recite the ''[[Srimad Bhagavatam|Bhagvat Katha]]'' to earn a living.<ref name=gr>{{cite book |title=The Great Indian patriots, Volume 1 |last=Rao |first=P. Rajeswar |authorlink= |year=1991|publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-7099-280-X |pages=10–13 |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=eTrs9MF9374C&pg=PA10&dq=Madan+Mohan+Malaviya&lr=&cd=5#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malaviya&f=false |ref= }}</ref>
Malviya was born in [[Allahabad]], [[North-Western Provinces]], India on 25 December 1861,<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |date=May 1, 2009 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA63&dq=St.+Peter%27s+Church+allahabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=irMpUu_CN-XsiAfesIHgDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Allahabad&f=false |location= |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |pages=138–139 |isbn= |accessdate=March 24, 2014 }}</ref> in a [[Gauda brahmins|Sri Gaud Brahmin]] family to Pandit Brij Nath and Moona Devi. His ancestors, known for their [[Sanskrit]] scholarship, originally hailed from [[Malwa]], Madhya Pradesh and hence came to be known as 'Malviyas'. While their original surname were Vyas. Malviyas were the house priests for the [[Agarwal]] merchants of Benares.<ref name=gr>{{cite book |title=The Marwaris: From Jagat Seth to the Birlas |last=Timberg|first=Thomas A |authorlink= |year=2014|publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9789351187134|pages=|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=5cWUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&lpg=PT37&dq=manohar+das+dwarka+das&source=bl&ots=ay4PxNAvhj&sig=IyMTfEa3dyvrwNnG-LbqiKwyR68&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mKppVK7uMcKxuQS-8ICYCg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=aggarwal&f=false|ref= }}</ref> His father was also a learned man in Sanskrit scriptures, and used to recite the ''[[Srimad Bhagavatam|Bhagvat Katha]]'' to earn a living.<ref name=gr>{{cite book |title=The Great Indian patriots, Volume 1 |last=Rao |first=P. Rajeswar |authorlink= |year=1991|publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-7099-280-X |pages=10–13 |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=eTrs9MF9374C&pg=PA10&dq=Madan+Mohan+Malaviya&lr=&cd=5#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malaviya&f=false |ref= }}</ref>


12:03, 25 డిసెంబరు 2014 నాటి కూర్పు

పండిట్ మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్య
మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యా

Portrait of Madan Mohan Malviya unveiled by Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 19 December 1957.

పదవీ కాలం
1909–10; 1918–19; 1932 and 1933
వ్యక్తిగత వివరాలు
జననం (1861-12-25)1861 డిసెంబరు 25
అలహాబాదు, భారతదేశం
మరణం 1946 నవంబరు 12(1946-11-12) (వయసు 84)
బనారస్
జాతీయత భారతీయుడు
రాజకీయ పార్టీ భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్
పూర్వ విద్యార్థి Allahabad University
University of Calcutta
వృత్తి స్వాతంత్ర్య సమరయోధుడు,విద్యావేత్త, రాజకీయ నాయకుడు

అవార్డులు: భారతరత్న 2014

మతం హిందూ

మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యా (1861–1946) భారతీయ విద్యావేత్త మరియు రాజకీయవేత్త. భారతీయ స్వాతంత్ర్యోద్యమంలో పాల్గొన్న సమరయోధుడు. ఆయన గౌరవంగా "పండిట్ మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవీయ" గా కూడా పిలువబడుతున్నారు.[1] ఆయన "మహాత్మా" గా కూడా గౌవరింపబడ్డాడు.[2]



Malaviya is most remembered as the founder of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) at Varanasi in 1915, the largest residential university in Asia and one of the largest in the world,[3] having over 12,000 students across arts, sciences, engineering and technology. Malaviya was Vice Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University from 1919–1938[4][5]

Malaviya was the President of the Indian National Congress on four occasions (1909 & 1913,1919,1932) he left congress in 1934 and also one of the initial leaders of the Hindu Mahasabha.

Malviya was one of the founders of Scouting in India.[6] He also founded a highly influential, English-newspaper, The Leader published from Allahabad in 1909.[7] He was also the Chairman of Hindustan Times from 1924 to 1946. His efforts resulted in the launch of its Hindi edition in 1936.[7]

Malaviya was posthumously conferred with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, on 24 December 2014, a day before his 153rd Birth Anniversary.[8]

Early life and education

1861, డిసెంబరు 25న అలహాబాదులో ఒక నిష్టులైన హిందూ కుటుంబములో పుట్టిన మాలవ్యా చిన్నప్పటి నుండి వేదాంతము చదివాడు.

యుక్త వయస్సులో రెండు దినపత్రికలు హిందుస్తాన్(హిందీ) మరియు ది ఇండియన్ యూనియన్(ఇంగ్లీషు)[9] లను స్థాపించాడు. భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్కు 1909లో మరియు 1918లో అధ్యక్షునిగా పనిచేసాడు. బెనారెస్ హిందూ విశ్వవిద్యాలయాన్ని స్థాపించాడు.

బ్రిటిష్ రాజ్యంలో భారత భవిష్యత్తును నిర్థారించడానికి ఏర్పాటైన సైమన్ కమీషన్ ను వ్యతిరేకించడానికి లాలా లజపతి రాయ్, జవహర్ లాల్ నెహ్రూ ఇంకా ఇతర స్వాతంత్ర సమరయోధులతో కలిశాడు. 1931లో జరిగిన రౌండ్ టేబుల్ సమావేశంలో మహాత్మా గాంధీతో కలిసి కాంగ్రేసు పార్టీకి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహించాడు.

"సత్యమేవ జయతే" అనే నినాదాన్ని వ్యాపింపచేసాడు. అతడు గొప్ప విద్యావేత్త, కర్మయోగి, భగవద్గీతను పాటించెను. సమకాలిక నాయకుల వలే కులమత భేదములను పోగొట్టడానికి ప్రయత్నించాడు. దేశ అత్యున్నత పురస్కారమైన భారతరత్న అవార్డును కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యకు 2014లో ప్రకటించింది. ఈయనతోపాటు భాజపా వ్యవస్థాపక అధ్యక్షుడు వాజ్‌పేయీకి భారతరత్న ప్రకటించింది.


Malviya was born in Allahabad, North-Western Provinces, India on 25 December 1861,[10] in a Sri Gaud Brahmin family to Pandit Brij Nath and Moona Devi. His ancestors, known for their Sanskrit scholarship, originally hailed from Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and hence came to be known as 'Malviyas'. While their original surname were Vyas. Malviyas were the house priests for the Agarwal merchants of Benares.[11] His father was also a learned man in Sanskrit scriptures, and used to recite the Bhagvat Katha to earn a living.[11]

Malviya was traditionally educated at two Sanskrit Pathshalas and later continued education at an English school.[12] Malviya started his schooling at Hardeva's Dharma Gyanopadesh Pathshala, where he completed his primary education and later another school run by Vidha Vardini Sabha. He then joined Allahabad Zila School (Allahabad District School), where he started writing poems under the pen name Makarand which were published in journals and magazines.

Malviya matriculated in 1879 from the Muir Central College, now known as Allahabad University. Harrison College's Principal provided a monthly scholarship to Malviya, whose family had been facing financial hardships, and he was able to complete his B.A. at the University of Calcutta.

Although he wanted to pursue an M.A. in Sanskrit, his family conditions did not allow it and his father wanted him to take his family profession of Bhagavat recital, thus in July 1884 Madan Mohan Malviya started his career as an assistant master at the Govt High School in Allahabad[12]

Personal life

As was the tradition in those days, he was married in 1878, when he was about sixteen years of age to Kundan Devi of Mirzapur. The couple had five sons and five daughters, out of which four sons, Ramakant, Radhakant, Mukund, Govind and two daughters Rama and Malati survived.He was very much connected to malwa region & had done great social work in Indore also. He was the founder member of "Shrigod Vidya mandir" in Indore. His youngest son Govind Malaviya (1902–1961) was a freedom Fighter and Member of India's Parliament till his death in 1961. He was also the Vice-Chancellor of the Banaras Hindu University.

Political career

In December 1886, Malaviya attended the 2nd Indian National Congress session in Calcutta under chairmanship of Dadabhai Naoroji, where he spoke on the issue of representation in Councils. His address not only impressed Dadabhai but also Raja Rampal Singh, ruler of Kalakankar estate near Allahabad, who started a Hindi weekly Hindustan but was looking for a suitable editor to turn it into a daily. Thus in July 1887, he left his school job and joined as the editor of the nationalist weekly, he remained here for two and a half years, and left for Allahabad to join L.L.B., it was here that he was offered co-editorship of The Indian Union, an English daily. After finishing his law degree, he started practising law at Allahabad District Court in 1891, and moved to Allahabad High Court by December 1893[13][14] Malviya became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1909 and 1918. He was a moderate leader and opposed the separate electorates for Muslims under the Lucknow Pact of 1916. The "Mahamana" title was conferred to him by Mahatma Gandhi.

To redeem his resolve to serve the cause of education and social-service he renounced his well established practice of law in 1911, for ever. In order to follow the tradition of Sannyasa throughout his life, he pursued the avowed commitment to live on the society's support. But when 177 freedom fighters were convicted to be hanged in the Chouri-choura case he appeared before the court, despite his vow and got acquitted 156 freedom fighters.[15]

He remained a member of the Imperial Legislative Council from 1912 and when in 1919 it was converted to the Central Legislative Assembly he remained its member as well, till 1926.[16] Malaviya was an important figure in the Non-cooperation movement.[17] However, he was opposed to the politics of appeasement and the participation of Congress in the Khilafat movement.

In 1928 he joined Lala Lajpat Rai, Jawaharlal Nehru and many others in protesting against the Simon Commission, which had been set up by the British to consider India's future. Just as the "Buy British" campaign was sweeping England, he issued, on 30 May 1932, a manifesto urging concentration on the "Buy Indian" movement in India.[18] Malaviya was a delegate at the First Round Table Conference in 1930. However, during the Civil Disobedience Movement, he was arrested on 25 April 1932, along with 450 other Congress volunteers in Delhi, only a few days after he was appointed the President of Congress after the arrest of Sarojini Naidu.[19]

In protest against the Communal Award which sought to provide separate electorates for minorities, Malaviya along with Madhav Shrihari Aney left the Congress and started the Congress Nationalist Party . The party contested the 1934 elections to the central legislature and won 12 seats.[20]

Journalistic career

Malviya started his journalistic career as the Editor of the Hindi daily '‘Hindosthan’' in 1887. Raja Rampal Singh of Kalakankar (Pratapgadh District) impressed by the speech and the personality of Malaviyaji, during the 2nd Congress Session in Calcutta held in 1886. requested Malviya to take up this position.[21]

Then in 1889, he became the Editor of the "Indian Union". After the incorporation of "Indian Union" with the "Advocate" of Lucknow, Malviya started his own Hindi weekly "Abhyudaya"(1907-1909 under his editorship).[12]

Also, his poems (sawaiyas) were published (sometime in 1883-84) under the pseudonym of ‘Makrand’ in ‘Harischandra Chandrika’ magazine (brought out by the famous Bharatendu), articles on religious and contemporary subjects published in ‘Hindi Pradeepa’.[21]

When the English Government tried to bring in the Press Act and Newspaper Act in 1908, Malaviyaji started a campaign against the Act and called an All India Conference in Allahabad. He then realized the need of an English Newspaper to make the campaign effective throughout the country. As a result, with the help of Motilal Nehru. started an English daily the "Leader" in 1909, where he was Editor 1909-1911 and President 1911-1919.[21]

In 1910, Malaviyaji started the Hindi paper `Maryada'.[21]

In 1924, Malviya along with the help national leaders Lala Lajpat Rai and M. R. Jayakar and industrialist Ghanshyam Das Birla, acquired Hindustan Times and saved it from an untimely demise .[22] Malaviya raised Rs.50,000 rupees to acquire the Hindustan Times and industrialist Ghanshyam Das Birla paid most of the cash. Malaviya was the Chairman of Hindustan Times from 1924 to 1946. His efforts resulted in the launch of its Hindi edition in 1936. The paper is now owned by the Birla family.

In 1933, Malaviya started Sanatana Dharma from BHU, a magazine dedicated to religious, dharmic interests.[21]

Legal career

In 1891, Malaviya completed his LL.B. from Allahabad Law College and started practice in Allahabad District Court and then from 1893 practised at the High Court. He gave up his legal practice in 1913 on his 50th birthday so that he can serve the nation About his legal career, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru mention of him - a brilliant Civil Lawyer and Sir Mirza Ismail said - I have heard a great lawyer say that if Mr.Malaviya had so willed it, he would have been an ornament to the legal profession.[23]

Banaras Hindu University

In April 1911, Annie Besant met Malaviya and they decided to work for a common Hindu University at Varanasi. Besant and fellow trustees of the Central Hindu College, which she has founded in 1898 also agreed to Government of India's precondition that the college should become a part of the new University. Thus Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was established in 1916, through under the Parliamentary legislation, 'B.H.U. Act 1915', today it remains a prominent institution of learning in India.[4][24] In 1939, he left the Vice chancellorship of BHU and was succeeded by S. Radhakrishnan, who later became the President of India.[25]

Social work

Malaviya played an important part in the removal of untouchability and in giving direction to the Harijan movement. The Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded at a meeting in 1933 at which Pandit Malviya presided.[12]

Malaviya asserted - if you admit internal purity of human soul, you or your religion can never get impure or defiled in any way by touch or association with any man. [26]

To solve the problem of untouchability, Malaviya followed a Hindu method, by giving Mantradīkshā to untouchables. He said that - Mantras would be a certain means of their upliftment socially, politically and spiritually.[26]

He worked for the eradication of caste barrier in temples and other social barriers. Malaviya made massive efforts for the entry into any Hindu temple. In March 1936, Hindu Dalit (Harijan) leader P. N. Rajbhoj along with a group of 200 Dalit people demanded entry at the Kalaram Temple on a Rath Yatra day.[27] Malaviya in the presence of priests of Kalaram Temple, gave diksha to the assembled people and given free entry into the temple.[27] Then these Dalit members also participated in the Rath Yatra of Kalaram Temple.[27]

Because of his social works in Dalit areas, Sri Gaud Brahmins had expelled him initially but after understanding their mistakes the elite people has taken back Malviyaji's in Shi Gaud Brahmin samaj.[ఆధారం చూపాలి]

Scouting

Though, Scouting in India was officially founded in British India in 1909, at the Bishop Cotton's Boys School in Bangalore, Scouting for native Indians was started by Justice Vivian Bose, Malaviya, Hridayanath Kunzru, Girija Shankar Bajpai, Annie Besant and George Arundale, in 1913, he also started a Scouting inspired organisation called Seva Samithi.[28]

Legacy

Statue of Madan Mohan Malviya at the entrance of Banaras Hindu University

Malviya popularised the slogan Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone will triumph).[29] Malviya Nagar in Allahabad, Lucknow, Delhi, Bhopal, Durg and Jaipur are named after him. A square in main city at Jabalpur is named after him and is called Malviya chowk.

The Indian postal department issued postage stamp in his honour in 1961 to celebrate his 100th birth anniversary [30] and then in 2011 to celebrate his 150th birth centenary[31]

Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT) at Jaipur is named after him, as is Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology in Gorakhpur, UP. The Hostels of IIT Kharagpur, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus and BITS Pilani,Pilani and Hyderabad campuses are also named Malviya Bhawan after him,In memory of him, Shrigoud Vidya Mandir,Indore celebrate his birth anniversary as MAHAMANA Divas on every 25 December. They have also declared a fellowship programme for poor Sanatan Vipra boys on this day.

He started the tradition of Aarti at Har ki Pauri Haridwar to the sacred Ganga river which is performed till date, the Malviya Dwipa, a small island across the ghat, named after him. This was inline with the Ganesha Festival started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Maharashtra to organise the masses.

Mahamana's life size portrait was unveiled in the Central Hall of India's Parliament by the then President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and his life-size statue was unveiled in 1961 by the then President of India Dr. S. Radhakrishnan in front of the BHU main gate on the occasion of his birth centenary. In front of the main Gate leading to the Assembly Hall and outside the porch, there exists a bust of Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya, which was inaugurated by the former Lt. Governor of Delhi, Dr. A.N. Jha on 25 December 1971.[16]

On 25 December 2008, on his birth anniversary, the national memorial of Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya was inaugurated by the then president A P J Abdul Kalam at 53, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, in Delhi.[32]

2011 was celebrated as his 150th birth centenary by the Government of India under the Chairmanship of India's prime minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who announced the establishment of a Centre for Malviya Studies at the Banaras Hindu University in addition to scholarships and education related awards in his memory, and UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi released a biography of Madan Mohan Malaviya.[33]

On December 24, 2014, Madan Mohan Malaviya was honored with Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.[34]

సేవలు

  • A criticism of Montagu-Chelmsford proposals of Indian constitutional reform. Printed by C. Y. Chintamani, 1918.
  • Speeches and writings of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. Publisher G.A. Natesan, 1919.

జీవిత చరిత్రలు

  • Malaviyaji, a brief life sketch of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, by B. J. Akkad. Pub. Vora, 1948.
  • Malaviyana: a bibliography of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya by Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library. Ed. Prithvi Nath Kaula. 1962.
  • Role of Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya in our national life, by Chandra Prakash Jha. Modern Publications, 1977.
  • Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya: a socio-political study, by Sundar Lal Gupta. Pub. Chugh Publications, 1978.
  • Mahāmanā Madan Mohan Malaviya: An Historical Biography, by Parmanand. Malaviya Adhyayan Sansthan, Banaras Hindu University, 1985.
  • Struggle for Independence: Madan Mohan Malaviya by Shri Ram Bakshi. Anmol Publications, 1989. ISBN 81-7041-142-4.
  • Madan Mohan Malaviya: the man and his ideology, by S. R. Bakshi. Anmol Publications, 1991. ISBN 81-7041-429-6.
  • Madan Mohan Malaviya, by Sitaram Chaturvedi. Publ. Division, Ministry of I & B, Govt. of India, 1996. ISBN 81-230-0486-9.
  • Visionary of Modern India- Madan Mohan Malaviya, by S K Maini, K Chandramouli and Vishwanath Pandey. Mahamana MalaviyaJi Trust. 2009.

మూలాలు

  1. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=BX3wIjJ9mvMC&lpg=PA340&dq=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&pg=PA340#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malviya&f=false
  2. ↑ "Mahamana's life as exemplary as Mahatma's: BHU V-C". The Times of India. 27 December 2009.
  3. ↑ Singh, Binay (13 March 2009). "BHU set to realise future goals". VARANASI: The Times of India. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "History of BHU". Banaras Hindu University website.
  5. ↑ "University at Buffalo, BHU sign exchange programme". Rediff News. 4 October 2007.
  6. ↑ Our Leaders (Volume 9 of Remembering Our Leaders). Children's Book Trust. 1989. p. 61. ISBN 81-7011-842-5.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "C. Y. Chintamani (10 April 1880 – 1 July, 1941)". The Tribune. 7 May 2000. ఉల్లేఖన లోపం: చెల్లని <ref> ట్యాగు; "ch" అనే పేరును విభిన్న కంటెంటుతో అనేక సార్లు నిర్వచించారు
  8. ↑ http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=114017
  9. ↑ A brief summary of Indian Warriors
  10. ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (May 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 138–139. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Timberg, Thomas A (2014). The Marwaris: From Jagat Seth to the Birlas. Penguin Books. ISBN 9789351187134. ఉల్లేఖన లోపం: చెల్లని <ref> ట్యాగు; "gr" అనే పేరును విభిన్న కంటెంటుతో అనేక సార్లు నిర్వచించారు
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/M/MADAN%20MOHAN%20MALAVIYA
  13. ↑ Our Leaders (Volume 9 of Remembering Our Leaders): Madan Mohan Malaviya. Children's Book Trust. 1989. pp. 53–73. ISBN 81-7011-842-5.
  14. ↑ A brief summary of Indian Warriors
  15. ↑ "RSS Resolution 2: 150th Birth Anniversary of Mhamana Malviya ji". Vishwa Samvada Kendra. 31 October 2010.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Old Secetariat:Important Members of Imperial Legislative Council". Legislative Assembly of Delhi website.
  17. ↑ "Gandhi is Urged to Delay Break". New York Times. 11 February 1922.
  18. ↑ ""Buy Indian" Move Gains". The New York Times. 30 May 1932.
  19. ↑ "450 Seized at Delhi for Defiance of Ban on Indian Congress". New York Times. 25 April 1932.
  20. ↑ Schwartzberg Atlas
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 http://www.mahamana.org/biography-.html
  22. ↑ TJS George, Lessons in Journalism, 2007, Viva Books, New Delhi.
  23. ↑ http://www.bhu.ac.in/mahamana.htm
  24. ↑ "BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY" (PDF). Indian Academy of Sciences. 26 July 2005. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  25. ↑ Murty, K. Satchidananda; Ashok Vohra (1990). Radhakrishnan: his life and ideas. SUNY Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-7914-0343-2.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 http://www.elinepa.org/index.php/el/meli/23-meletes/194-contributions-of-mahamana-pt-madan-mohan-malaviya-to-indian-religion-and-society.html
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934–47 By Shri Krishan
  28. ↑ "Honouring the oath: The beginning". The Hindu. 17 August 2007.
  29. ↑ "India's Freedom Struggle: Madan Mohan Malaviya" (PDF). Kamat's Potpourri. 22 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  30. ↑ Indian stamp bearing Madan Mohan Malaviya's picture
  31. ↑ http://www.indianstampghar.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/scan0240.jpg
  32. ↑ "Former President Kalam inaugurates BHU founder's memorial". The Indian Express. 26 December 2008.
  33. ↑ "brings the Latest & Top Breaking News on Politics, G-20 summit, CHOGM 2011,Vice President's visit to Perth for CHOGM, Cricket, Sports, Business , State,Formula One in INDIA , Regional Language Audio Bulletins , Regional Language scripts & more". News On Air. 2012-08-15. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  34. ↑ "Vajpayee, Malaviya named for Bharat Ratna on eve of birthdays". EconomyLead. 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

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