పొగాకు: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

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==పొగాకు - రకాలు==
==పొగాకు - రకాలు==

==ఆరోగ్యం మీద పొగాకు ప్రభావం==
The '''health effects of tobacco''' can be significant, depending on the way the [[tobacco]] is used ([[tobacco smoking|smoked]], [[snuff (tobacco)|snuffed]] or [[Chewing tobacco|chewed]]) and the amount. Major health effects of smoking, the most common use of tobacco, include an increased risk in [[lung cancer]] and [[cardiovascular disease]]. The [[World Health Organization]] estimate that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004<ref name="WHO">[http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf WHO global burden of disease report 2008]</ref> and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century<ref name=WHO2>[http://www.who.int/entity/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_prevalence_data_2008.pdf WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008]</ref>. Similarly, the United States [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] describes tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide."<ref name="fn1">"[http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit_smoking/you_can_quit/nicotine.htm Nicotine: A Powerful Addiction]." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</ref> Rates of smoking have leveled off or declined in the developed world. Smoking rates in the United States have dropped by half from 1965 to 2006 falling from 42% to 20.8% in adults.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5644a2.htm#fig Cigarette Smoking Among Adults - United States, 2006<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In the developing world, tobacco consumption is rising by 3.4% per year.<ref>[http://www.wpro.who.int/media_centre/fact_sheets/fs_20020528.htm WHO/WPRO-Smoking Statistics<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==మూలాలు==
==మూలాలు==

09:08, 24 నవంబరు 2008 నాటి కూర్పు

పొగాకు
శాస్త్రీయ వర్గీకరణ
Kingdom:
Division:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
N. tabacum
Binomial name
Nicotiana tabacum

పొగాకు లేదా పొగ చెట్టు (Tobacco) సొలనేసి కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ఒక చిన్న మొక్క. వీని నుండి పొగ విడుదలౌతున్నందు వలన దీనికి 'పొగాకు' అనే పేరు వచ్చినది. దీని ఆకుల నుండి సిగరెట్లు, చుట్టలు తయారుచేస్తారు. కొన్ని రకాల తాంబూలాలలో కూడా దీనిని ఉపయోగిస్తున్నారు.

Tobacco is an agricultural product, recognized as an addictive drug, processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Tobacco has long been in use as an entheogen in the Americas. However, upon the arrival of Europeans in North America, it quickly became popularized as a trade item and as a recreational drug. This popularization led to the development of the southern economy of the United States until it gave way to cotton. Following the American Civil War, a change in demand and a change in labor force allowed for the development of the cigarette. This new product quickly led to the growth of tobacco companies until the scientific controversy of the mid-1900s.

There are many species of tobacco, which are all encompassed by the plant genus Nicotiana. The word nicotiana (as well as nicotine) was named in honor of Jean Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal, who in 1559 sent it as a medicine to the court of Catherine de Medici.[1] The effects of tobacco on human health are significant, and vary depending on the method by which it used and the amount consumed. Of the various methods of consumption the primary health risks pertain to diseases of the cardiovascular system by the vector of smoking, which over time allows high quantities of carcinogens to deposit in the mouth, throat, and lungs.

Because of the addictive properties of nicotine, tolerance and dependence develop. Absorption quantity, frequency, and speed of tobacco consumption are believed to be directly related to biological strength of nicotine dependence, addiction, and tolerance.[2][3] The usage of tobacco, is an activity that is practiced by some 1.1 billion people, and up to 1/3 of the adult population.[4] The World Health Organization reports it to be the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and estimates that it currently causes 5.4 million deaths per year.[5] Rates of smoking have leveled off or declined in developed countries, however they continue to rise in developing countries.

Tobacco is cultivated similar to other agricultural products. Seeds are sown in cold frames or hotbeds to prevent attacks from insects, and then transplanted into the fields. Tobacco is an annual crop, which is usually harvested in a large single-piece farm equipment.

After harvest, tobacco is stored to allow for curing, which allow for the slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids. This allows for the agricultural product to take on properties that are usually attributed to the "smoothness" of the smoke. Following this, tobacco is packed into its various forms of consumption which include smoking, chewing, sniffing, and so on.


పొగాకు సాగుబడి

మెట్ట ప్రాంతాలలో ఎక్కువగా పండే ఈ పొగాకును మిగిలిన పంటల మాదిరిగానే పెంచి ఆకులు కోతకు వచ్చాక కోసి వాటిని బేళ్ళుగా కట్టలు కట్టి ఎండబెడతారు.

పొగాకు - రకాలు

ఆరోగ్యం మీద పొగాకు ప్రభావం

The health effects of tobacco can be significant, depending on the way the tobacco is used (smoked, snuffed or chewed) and the amount. Major health effects of smoking, the most common use of tobacco, include an increased risk in lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organization estimate that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004[6] and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century[7]. Similarly, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide."[8] Rates of smoking have leveled off or declined in the developed world. Smoking rates in the United States have dropped by half from 1965 to 2006 falling from 42% to 20.8% in adults.[9] In the developing world, tobacco consumption is rising by 3.4% per year.[10]

మూలాలు

  1. Heading: 1550–1575 Tobacco, Europe.
  2. "Tobacco Facts - Why is Tobacco So Addictive?". Tobaccofacts.org. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  3. "Philip Morris Information Sheet". Stanford.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  4. Saner L. Gilman and Zhou Xun, "Introduction" in Smoke; p. 26
  5. "WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008 (foreword and summary)" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2008: 8. Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); line feed character in |quote= at position 45 (help)
  6. WHO global burden of disease report 2008
  7. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008
  8. "Nicotine: A Powerful Addiction." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  9. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults - United States, 2006
  10. WHO/WPRO-Smoking Statistics

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