మూస:ఇనుము మూలకము

ఇనుము, ₀₀Fe

ఇనుము
Pronunciation	/ˈaɪərn/
Allotropes	see Allotropes of iron
Appearance	lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Fe)
	55.845±0.002 55.845±0.002 (abridged)
ఇనుము in the periodic table
Group	group 8
Period	period 4
Block
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 14, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1811 K ​(1538 °C, ​2800 °F)
Boiling point	3134 K ​(2862 °C, ​5182 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	7.874 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.98 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	13.81 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	340 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.10 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1728 1890 2091 2346 2679 3132
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.83
Ionization energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 126 pm
Covalent radius	132±3 (low spin), 152±6 (high spin) pm
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc) a=286.65 pm;
Speed of sound thin rod	(electrolytic) 5120 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	11.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	80.4 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	96.1 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic
Young's modulus	211 GPa
Shear modulus	82 GPa
Bulk modulus	170 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.29
Mohs hardness	4
Vickers hardness	608 MPa
Brinell hardness	490 MPa
CAS Number	7439-89-6
History
Discovery	before 5000 BC
Symbol	"Fe": from Latin ferrum
Isotopes of ఇనుము

References

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