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యిట్రియం

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యిట్రియం, 00Y
యిట్రియం
Pronunciation/ˈɪtriəm/ (IT-ree-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
యిట్రియం in the periodic table
Groupgroup 3
Periodperiod 5
Block 
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1799 K ​(1526 °C, ​2779 °F)
Boiling point3609 K ​(3336 °C, ​6037 °F)
Density (near r.t.)4.472 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization365 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.53 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1883 2075 (2320) (2627) (3036) (3607)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[3] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.22
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius190±7 pm
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for యిట్రియం
Speed of sound thin rod3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (α, poly)
10.6 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity17.2 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly) 596 n Ω⋅m
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Young's modulus63.5 GPa
Shear modulus25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio0.243
Brinell hardness589 MPa
CAS Number7440-65-5
History
DiscoveryJohan Gadolin (1794)
First isolationCarl Gustav Mosander (1840)
Isotopes of యిట్రియం
Template:infobox యిట్రియం isotopes does not exist
 Category: యిట్రియం
| references

యిట్రియం (Yttrium) ఒక మూలకము.

మూలాలు

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  4. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
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