మూస:Cite news/doc

Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	Specific-source templates Wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for news articles in print, video, audio or web.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

To cite a news article with a credited author {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date= }} To cite a news article with no credited author {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= |url= |work= |location= |date= |access-date= }} To cite an online news article that has been archived {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= }} To cite a news article written in a foreign language {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |work= |location= |access-date= }} To cite and quote an archived news article clipped with an information aggregation service requiring a subscription {{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |language= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote= }}

Full parameter set in horizontal format

{{cite news |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-format= |last-author-amp= |date= |year= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |department= |work= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |registration= |lay-url= |lay-source= |lay-date= |quote= |postscript= |ref= }}

Most commonly used parameters in vertical format

To cite a news article with a credited author {{cite news | last = | first = | date = | title = | url = | work = | location = | access-date = }} To cite a news article with no credited author {{cite news | author =<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | title = | url = | work = | location = | date = | access-date = }} To cite an online news article that has been archived {{cite news | last = | first = | date = | title = | url = | url-status = | work = | location = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = }} To cite a news article written in a foreign language {{cite news | last = | first = | date = | title = | trans-title = | url = | language = | work = | location = | access-date = }} To cite and quote a clipped and archived news article on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription {{cite news | last1 = | first1 = | last2 = | first2 = | date = | title = | trans-title = | url = | url-status = | format = | language = | work = | location = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = | via = | url-access = | quote = }}

Full parameter set in vertical format

Vertical list	Prerequisites	Brief instructions / notes
{{cite news | last1 = | first1 = | author-link1 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | last3 = | first3 = | author-link3 = | last4 = | first4 = | author-link4 = | last5 = | first5 = | author-link5 = | display-authors = | author-mask = | name-list-format = | last-author-amp = | date = | year = | title = | script-title = | trans-title = | url = | url-status = | format = | editor1-last = | editor1-first = | editor1-link = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor2-link = | editor3-last = | editor3-first = | editor3-link = | editor4-last = | editor4-first = | editor4-link = | editor5-last = | editor5-first = | editor5-link = | display-editors = | department = | work = | type = | series = | language = | volume = | issue = | others = | edition = | location = | publisher = | publication-date = | agency = | page = | pages = | at = | nopp = | arxiv = | asin = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-broken-date = | isbn = | issn = | jfm = | jstor = | lccn = | mr = | oclc = | ol = | osti = | pmc = | pmid = | rfc = | ssrn = | zbl = | id = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = | via = | lay-url = | lay-source = | lay-date = | quote = | postscript = | ref = }}

• If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Choosing between {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}}

Before 2014, editors needed to decide whether to use {{Cite web}} or {{Cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, however, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

As of 29 July 2016, {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}} have the following differences:

• {{Cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{Cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
• {{Cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{Cite web}} does not (See Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10 § |volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine.)

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

Cite web:	Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
Cite news:	Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015.

Examples

A news article with a credited author

{{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-16 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |access-date=2013-10-17}}

Displays as:

• Wolford, Ben (2013-10-16). "Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved 2013-10-17.

A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author

{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-10-17}}

Displays as:

• "Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-10-17.

A news article that has been archived

{{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |url-status=dead |work=The Times |location=London |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6KS5scqfE |archivedate=2013-10-18 |access-date=2013-10-18}}

Displays as:

• Pank, Philip (2013-10-18). "Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.

A news article written in a foreign language

{{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le bourbier de l'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Hollande in the quagmire of the Leonarda case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |work=Le Figaro |location=Paris |access-date=2013-10-17}}

Displays as:

• Bourmaud, François-Xavier (2013-10-17). "Hollande dans le Bourbier de L'affaire Leonarda" [Holland in the Quagmire of the Leonarda Case]. Le Figaro (in French). Paris. Retrieved 2013-10-17.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

A clipped and archived news article that you quote, found on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/ |title=Czechs honor Yuri |date=30 April 1961 |newspaper=Daily News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233429/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live |agency=Reuters |location=New York |page=35 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=Czech President [[Antonin Novotny]] today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a "Hero of Socialist Labor".}}

Displays as:

• "Czechs honor Yuri". Daily News. New York. Reuters. 30 April 1961. p. 35. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019 – via Newspapers.com. Czech President Antonin Novotny today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a "Hero of Socialist Labor".

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
• |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
• |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
• |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
• |series=, |version=
• |volume=, |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |institution=
• |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
• |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
• |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
• |degree=
• |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters

Deprecated parameter	Replace with	Date
|lay-date=	if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information	2021-01-03
|lay-format=
|lay-source=
|lay-url=
|transcripturl=	|transcript-url=	2022-01-22

Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters

Removed parameter	Replace with	Date
|authorfirst=	|author-first=	October 2020
|authorfirstn=	|author-firstn=	October 2020
|authornfirst=	|authorn-first=	October 2020
|authorgiven=	|author-given=	October 2020
|authorgivenn=	|author-givenn=	October 2020
|authorngiven=	|authorn-given=	October 2020
|authorlast=	|author-last=	October 2020
|authorlastn=	|author-lastn=	October 2020
|authornlast=	|authorn-last=	October 2020
|authormask=	|author-mask=	January 2021
|authormaskn=	|author-maskn=	January 2021
|authornmask=	|authorn-mask=	January 2021
|authorsurname=	|author-surname=	October 2020
|authorsurnamen=	|author-surnamen=	October 2020
|authornsurname=	|authorn-surname=	October 2020
|booktitle=	|book-title=	May 2021
|chapterurl=	|chapter-url=	May 2021
|conferenceurl=	|conference-url=	April 2021
|contributionurl=	|contribution-url=	April 2021
|deadurl=yes	|url-status=dead	September 2019
|dead-url=yes	|url-status=dead	September 2019
|displayauthors=	|display-authors=	January 2021
|displayeditors=	|display-editors=	October 2020
|doi-broken=	|doi-broken-date=	October 2020
|doi-inactive-date=	|doi-broken-date=	October 2020
|editorfirst=	|editor-first=	October 2020
|editorfirstn=	|editor-firstn=	October 2020
|editornfirst=	|editorn-first=	October 2020
|editorgiven=	|editor-given=	October 2020
|editorgivenn=	|editor-givenn=	October 2020
|editorngiven=	|editorn-given=	October 2020
|editorlast=	|editor-last=	October 2020
|editorlastn=	|editor-lastn=	October 2020
|editornlast=	|editorn-last=	October 2020
|editorlink=	|editor-link=	January 2021
|editorlinkn=	|editor-linkn=	January 2021
|editornlink=	|editorn-link=	January 2021
|editors=	|editor= (one editor) or |editorn= (more than one editor) or |veditors= (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting |editorn= into |editor-firstn= and |editor-lastn=, if possible. Consider |editor-maskn=, if annotation is required.	January 2021
|editorsurname=	|editor-surname=	October 2020
|editorsurnamen=	|editor-surnamen=	October 2020
|editornsurname=	|editorn-surname=	October 2020
|editormask=	|editor-mask=	October 2020
|editormaskn=	|editor-maskn=	October 2020
|editornmask=	|editorn-mask=	October 2020
|embargo=	|pmc-embargo-date=	October 2020
|episodelink=	|episode-link=	May 2021
|event-format=	(delete)	January 2021
|eventurl=	(delete)	January 2021
|event-url=	(delete)	January 2021
|ignoreisbnerror=	|isbn=((<isbn>))	October 2020
|ignore-isbn-error=	|isbn=((<isbn>))	January 2021
|interviewerlink=	|interviewer-link=	October 2020
|interviewerlinkn=	|interviewer-linkn=	October 2020
|interviewernlink=	|interviewern-link=	October 2020
|interviewermask=	|interviewer-mask=	October 2020
|interviewermaskn=	|interviewer-maskn=	October 2020
|interviewernmask=	|interviewern-mask=	October 2020
|last-author-amp=	|name-list-style=amp	January 2021
|lastauthoramp=	|name-list-style=amp	January 2021
|laydate=	|lay-date=	April 2021
|laysource=	|lay-source=	April 2021
|layurl=	|lay-url=	April 2021
|mailinglist=	|mailing-list=	May 2021
|mapurl=	|map-url=	May 2021
|name-list-format=	|name-list-style=	April 2021
|nocat=	|no-tracking=	January 2021
|no-cat=	|no-tracking=	October 2020
|nopp=	|no-pp=	May 2021
|notracking=	|no-tracking=	October 2020
|publicationdate=	|publication-date=	May 2021
|publicationplace=	|publication-place=	May 2021
|registration=	|url-access=registration	January 2020
|sectionurl=	|section-url=	April 2021
|serieslink=	|series-link=	May 2021
|seriesno=	|series-no=	April 2021
|seriesnumber=	|series-number=	January 2021
|series-separator=	(delete)	October 2020
|subjectlink=	|subject-link=	January 2021
|subjectlinkn=	|subject-linkn=	January 2021
|subjectnlink=	|subjectn-link=	January 2021
|subscription=	|url-access=subscription	January 2020
|timecaption=	|time-caption=	April 2021
|titlelink=	|title-link=	April 2021
|transcripturl=	|transcript-url= restored January 2022 as deprecated	May 2021

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
  • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
  • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with and use honorifics only in accordance with .
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
  • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
  • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
• vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
• translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
  • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
  • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
• collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
• others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
• Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

• title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
  • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	|
space	[	]	{{!}} (preferred)
	{{bracket|text}}		| or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe

• title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

• language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

Periodical

• work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
  • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
  • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.

    ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...

  • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. |issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''. Please choose either |issue= or |number= depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example |issue=2 #143. Displayed in parentheses following volume.
  • department: Title of a regular department, column, or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after title and is in plain text.

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:

title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.

chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

Date

• date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.

The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.

Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.

• year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
  1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
  2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
• orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
• df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:

  dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

  mdy – as above for month day, year format

  ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

  dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

  mdy-all – as above for month day, year format

  ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Periodical

• work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
  • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
  • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:

title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.

chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

Publisher

• publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
• place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
• publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
• publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
• via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.

• agency: The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse. Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, use work or publisher. May be wikilinked if relevant.

Edition, volume

• edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

• volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

In-source locations

• page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
• OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
  Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1–3-15. Alias: pp.
  • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
• OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
  Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
• For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
  • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
  • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine) and archive.today (see Help:Using archive.today); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
    • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
    • url-status: the |url-status= parameter should only be included if an |archive-url= is set (dead links without an archive URL can be marked with {{dead link}}). If |url-status= is omitted, or is specified with a null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
      If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set |url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
    • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=
  • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
• format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

URLలు, URI scheme కు అనుగుణంగా మొదలవ్వాలి. http://, https:// లకు బ్రౌజర్లన్నీ మద్దతిస్తాయి; అయితే, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto:, news: లకు ప్లగిన్‌లు గానీ, లేదా బయటి అప్లికేషను ఏదైనా గానీ అవసరం కావచ్చు. దాన్ని వీలైనంతవరకు నివారించాలి. ప్రస్తుతం IPv6 హోస్ట్‌లకు మద్దతు లేదు.

ఉల్లేఖన మూసల పరామితుల్లో వాడే URL లలో కొన్ని నిర్దుష్ట క్యారెక్టర్లుంటే, ఆ లింకులను సరిగ్గా చూపించవు. ఆ క్యారెక్టర్లను percent-encoded చెయ్యాలి. ఉదాహరణకు, స్పేసును %20 అని మార్చాలి. URL ను ఎన్‌కోడింగు చెయ్యాలంటే, క్యారెక్టర్లను కింది విధంగా మార్చాలి:

Character	space	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
Encoding	%20	%22	%27	%3C	%3E	%5B	%5D	%7B	%7C	%7D

Single apostrophe లను ఎన్‌కోడింగు చెయ్యనక్కరలేదు; అయితే, ఒకటి కంటే ఎక్కువ ఉన్నపుడు ఎన్‌కోడింగు చెయ్యకపోతే వాటిని వాలు గానీ బొద్దు గానో చూపిస్తుంది. అలాగే Single మీసాల బ్రాకెట్లను ఎన్‌కోడింగు చెయ్యనక్కరలేదు; అయితే, రెండు ఉన్నపుడూ ఎన్‌కోడింగు చెయ్యకపోతే దాన్ని మూస ట్రాన్స్‌క్లూజను లాగా రెండరు చేస్తుంది.

Anchor

• ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's ‎<cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

• arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ae, au, br, ca, cn, de, es, fr, in, it, jp, mx, nl, pl, sa, se, sg, tr, uk. Aliases: none.
• bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
• biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
• citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
• doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
• eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
• isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
• issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
• jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
• lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN.
• mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
• oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
• ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
• osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
• pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMC.
  • pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
• pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMID.
• rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
• sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
• s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
• zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
  • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
• quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
• OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Editors

• editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
  • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
  • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
  • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
  • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
• veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:

  |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal

  • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
• Display:

  Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.

  If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

  If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Laysummary

These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.

• lay-url: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
  • lay-source: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
  • lay-date: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
  • lay-format: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

Display options

• mode: ఉల్లేఖనలో ఉన్న అంశాలకు మధ్యన ఏ విరామ చిహ్నం ఉండాలి, ఉల్లేఖనకు చివర ఏ చిహ్నం ఉండాలి, క్యాపిటలు అక్షరాలు ఎప్పుడు ఎక్కడ వాడాలి వగైరా విశేషాలను నిర్ణయిస్తుంది. |mode=cs1 లో విరామ చిహ్నం చుక్క (.); అవసరమైన చోట్ల కొన్ని పదాల తొలి అక్షరాలను క్యాపిటలు వాడుతుంది ('Retrieved...'). |mode=cs2 లో, అంశాల మష్య కామా ఉంటుంది (,); చివరన ఏమీ ఉండదు; కొన్ని పదాల తొలి అక్షరాలను క్యాపిటలు వాడదు ('retrieved...'). ఈ మూసల్లో డిఫాల్టుగా ఉన్న చివరి విరామ చిహ్నాన్ని మార్చాలనుకుంటే postscript ను వాడాలి.
• author-mask:
• contributor-mask:
• editor-mask:
• interviewer-mask:
• subject-mask:
• translator-mask:

  (మొదటి) author పేరు చూపకుండా దాని స్థానంలో em dashes ను గానీ ఏదైనా పాఠ్యాన్ని గానీ చూపిస్తుంది. <name>-mask కు విలువగా n అనే అంకె ఏదైనా ఇస్తే డ్యాష్‌లు n em స్పేసుల వెడల్పుతో చూపిస్తుంది; <name>-mask కు ఏదైనా టెక్స్టు విలువ ఇస్తే, ఆ టెక్స్టునే, చివర్లో విరామ చిహ్నం ఏమీ లేకుండా చూపిస్తుంది; ఉదాహరణకు, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. వీటికి విలువలు ఏది ఇచ్చినా, ఆథరు పేర్లన్నీ మాత్రం ఇవ్వాల్సిందే. ఒకే కర్త పలు గ్రంథాలు రాసినపుడూ ఒక గ్రంథ సూచీలో వాటిని చూపాల్సి వచ్చినపుడు ఈ పరామితులను వాడతారు -ఇలా: shortened footnotes. {{reflist}}, ‎<references /> లేదా ఇలాంటి ఇతర మూసలు సృష్టించే జాబితాల్లో వీటిని వాడవద్దు. ఎందుకంటే ఆయా మూలాలను ఏ వరుసలో చూపించాలనే విషయమై వాటికి నియంత్రణ ఉండదు. ఫలానా name కు మాస్కును చేర్చాలని అనుకున్నపుడు మాస్క్ పరామితులకు అంకెను చేర్చవచ్చు (ఉదా: |authorn-mask=).

• display-authors:
• display-contributors:
• display-editors:
• display-interviewers:
• display-subjects:
• display-translators:

  ఉల్లేఖనను ప్రచురించినపుడు ఎంతమంది author పేర్లు లేదా editor పేర్లను చూపాలో ఇది నిర్ణయిస్తుంది. ఉదాహరణకు, |display-authors=2 అంటే మొదటి ఇద్దరు ఆథర్లను చూపిస్తుంది. అలాగే, |display-editors=2 అనేది మొదటి ఇద్దరు ఎడిటర్లను చూపిస్తుంది. |display-authors=0, |display-editors=0 అనేవి, అసలు ఆథర్లు, ఎడిటర్లు ఎవరినీ చూపించని (et al తో సహా ) ప్రత్యేక సందర్భాలు. డిఫాల్టుగా ఆథర్లు, ఎడిటర్లూ అందరినీ చూపిస్తుంది. |display-authors=etal అనేది ఆథర్లందరినీ చూపిస్తూ చివర్లో et al. అని చూపిస్తుంది. దీని అలియాస్ పరామితులు: లేవు.

• postscript: ఉల్లేఖన అంతాన ఏ విరామ చిహ్నం ఉండాలనేది ఇది నిర్ణయిస్తుంది; దీని డిఫాల్టు విలువ చుక్క(.); చిహ్నం ఏమీ వద్దనుకుంటే |postscript=none అని ఇవ్వాలి. |postscript= ను ఖాళీగా వదిలేసినా ఫలితం ఇదే ఉంటుంది గానీ అది కాస్త సందిగ్ధంగా ఉంటుంది. అదనంగా ఇచ్చిన ఏదైనా పాఠ్యంలో గానీ, లేదా మూసను ఇస్తే అది చూపించే పాఠ్యంలో గానీ చివర ఒకటి కంటే ఎక్కువ విరామ చిహ్నాలుంటే అది ఒక మెయింటెనెన్స్ సందేశాన్ని చూపిస్తుంది. quote ను నిర్వచించి ఉంటే |postscript= ను పట్టించుకోదు.

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.

Four access levels can be used:

• access indicator for named identifiers:
  • free: the source is free to read for anyone (from the viewpoint of the provider of the source – could still be blocked by client-side filtering or safeguarding, or distributor-based geoblocking)
• access indicators for url-holding parameters:
  • registration: a free registration with the provider of the source is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
  • limited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views, a restriction to certain day or night times, or providing the contents only to certain IP ranges/locales on behalf of the provider of the source) to freely access this source as a whole
  • subscription: the source as a whole is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall"), even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without subscription

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free.

URL-holding and access-indicator parameters

URL	Access	Allowed keywords
|url=	|url-access=	registration limited subscription
|article-url=	|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=	|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=	|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=	|entry-url-access=
|map-url=	|map-url-access=
|section-url=	|section-url-access=

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}

which renders as:

"Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.

Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.

Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters

Identifier	Access	Allowed keywords
|bibcode=	|bibcode-access=	free
|doi=	|doi-access=
|hdl=	|hdl-access=
|jstor=	|jstor-access=
|ol=	|ol-access=
|osti=	|osti-access=
|s2cid=	|s2cid-access=

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

• |arxiv=
• |biorxiv=
• |citeseerx=
• |pmc=
• |rfc=
• |ssrn=

For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Cite news in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite news

ఈ మూస, ముద్రణలో గాని, వీడియోగా గానీ, ఆడియోగా గానీ ప్రచురితమైన ఏదైనా వార్తకు సంబంధించి కర్త, ప్రచురణ వివరాలు, తేదీ వంటి సమాచారాన్ని తీసుకుని ఉల్లేఖన తయారు చేస్తుంది.

మూస పరామితులు

ఈ మూసకు, పరామితుల ఇన్‌లైను ఫార్మాటింగు కావాలి.

పరామితి		వివరణ	రకం	స్థితి
URL	url URL	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..." ఉదాహరణ https://www.nytimes.com/...	స్ట్రింగు	సూచించినవి
Source title	title	The title of the article as it appears in the source; displays in quotes	స్ట్రింగు	తప్పనిసరి
Last name	last last1 author author1 authors	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'.	తెలియనిది	సూచించినవి
First name	first first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'.	తెలియనిది	సూచించినవి
Source date	date	Full date of the source; do not wikilink	స్ట్రింగు	సూచించినవి
Name of publication	work journal magazine periodical newspaper	Name of the newspaper, magazine or periodical; displays after title ఉదాహరణ The Wall Street Journal	స్ట్రింగు	తప్పనిసరి
URL access date	access-date accessdate	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	స్ట్రింగు	సూచించినవి
URL status	url-status	If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all. అప్రమేయం dead ఉదాహరణ 'dead' or 'live' ఆటో విలువ live	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Archive URL	archive-url archiveurl	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Archive date	archive-date archivedate	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Publisher	publisher distributor institution	Name of the parent institution or company that publishes the newspaper, magazine, or periodical; displays after name of the publication ఉదాహరణ News Corp	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Agency	agency	The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Last name 2	last2 author2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 2	first2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Others	others	Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Month of publication	month	Name of the month of publication; do not wikilink; use 'date' instead, if day of month is also known	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Editor last name	editor-last editor-last1 editor1-last editor-surname editor-surname1 editor1-surname editor editor1	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors'	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Editor first name	editor-first editor-first1 editor1-first editor-given editor-given1 editor1-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Editor link	editor-link editor-link1	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Issue	issue number	Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Department	department	Department within the periodical	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Location of publication	location place	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Place of publication	publication-place	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Publication date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Page	page	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Pages	pages	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
No pp	nopp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Script title	script-title	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Translated title	trans-title trans_title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Type	type	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
ASIN	asin	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
DOI	doi	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date doi_brokendate doi-inactive-date	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
ISBN	isbn ISBN	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
ISSN	issn ISSN	International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
OL	ol	Open Library identifier	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Postscript	postscript	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' అప్రమేయం .	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Registration	registration	For online sources that require registration, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); superseded by subscription if both are set	స్ట్రింగు	వాడుకలో లేదు
Subscription	subscription	For online sources that require subscription, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); supersedes registration if both are set	స్ట్రింగు	వాడుకలో లేదు
Last name 3	last3 author3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 3	first3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Last name 4	last4 author4	The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 4	first4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Last name 5	last5 author5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 5	first5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Last name 6	last6 author6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 6	first6	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Last name 7	last7 author7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 7	first7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Last name 8	last8 author8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 8	first8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Last name 9	last9 author9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
First name 9	first9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	తెలియనిది	ఐచ్చికం
Author mask	author-mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Author name separator	author-name-separator	Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as   అప్రమేయం ,	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Author separator	author-separator	Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as   అప్రమేయం ;	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Display authors	display-authors displayauthors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;	సంఖ్య	ఐచ్చికం
Author link	author-link authorlink authorlink1 author-link1 author1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 2	author-link2 authorlink2	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Lay URL	lay-url layurl	URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Lay source	lay-source laysource	Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Lay date	lay-date laydate	Date of the summary; displays in parentheses	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 3	author-link3 authorlink3 author3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 4	author-link4 authorlink4 author4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 5	author-link5 authorlink5 author5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 6	author-link6 authorlink6 author6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 7	author-link7 authorlink7 author7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 8	author-link8 authorlink8 author8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Author link 9	author-link9 authorlink9 author9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.	పేజీ పేరు	ఐచ్చికం
Last author ampersand	last-author-amp lastauthoramp	When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Original year	orig-year origyear	Original year of publication; provide specifics	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
via	via	Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library) ఉదాహరణ EBSCOHost , Proquest, Newspapers.com	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
URL access level	url-access	Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Bibcode access level	bibcode-access	If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
DOI access level	doi-access	If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
HDL access level	hdl-access	If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
Jstor access level	jstor-access	If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
OpenLibrary access level	ol-access	If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం
OSTI access level	osti-access	If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.	స్ట్రింగు	ఐచ్చికం

See also

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.