పెంపుడు జంతువు
(పెంపుడు మృగము నుండి దారిమార్పు చెందింది)
| Species | Date | Location of Origin | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| కుక్క (Canis lupus familiaris) | 15,000 BC [1] | East Asia | hunting, shepherding, herding, companionship, pest control, meat, transportation |
| Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries) | between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC[2][3] | Southwest Asia | wool, meat, milk, leather, vellum |
| పంది (Sus scrofa domestica) | 9000 BC[4] | Near East, China | meat, leather, companionship |
| మేక (Capra aegagrus hircus) | 8000 BC [5] | Iran | milk, meat |
| ఆవు (Bos primigenius taurus) captive-bred | 8000 BC[6][7] | India, Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa | meat, milk, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |
| Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus) | 8000 BC | India | meat, milk, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |
| పిల్లి (Felis silvestris catus) | 7500 BC [8][9][10][11] | Near East | pest control, companionship, meat |
| కోడి (Gallus gallus domesticus) | 6000 BC[12] | India and Southeast Asia | 1st for sport then later for utility, such as meat, eggs and feathers and companionship |
| Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | 5000 BC[13] | Peru | meat, companionship |
| గాడిద (Equus africanus asinus) | 5000 BC[14][15] | Egypt | transportation, muscle, meat |
| బాతు (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | 4000 BC | China | meat/fat |
| Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | 4000 BC | భారత దేశము, China | muscle, meat, milk |
| తేనెటీగ (Apis spp.) | 4000 BC | Multiple places | honey, pollination |
| గుర్రం (Equus ferus caballus) | 4000 BC[16] | Eurasian Steppes | meat, transportation, muscle, milk |
| ఒంటె (Camelus dromedarius) | 4000 BC | Arabia | transportation, muscle, milk, meat |
| పట్టుపురుగు (Bombyx mori) | 3000 BC | China | silk |
| Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) | 3000 BC [17] | Russia | meat, milk, muscle, antlers |
| పావురం (Columba livia) | 3000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | show, messenger, meat |
| బాతు (Anser anser domesticus) | 3000 BC [18] | Egypt | meat/fat, feathers, guarding |
| Yak (Bos grunniens) | 2500 BC | Tibet | milk, muscle, meat, wool |
| ఒంటె (Camelus bactrianus) | 2500 BC | Central Asia | milk, transportation, meat |
| Llama (Lama glama) | 2400 BC [19] | Peru | transportation, muscle, meat |
| Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) | 2400 BC [19] | Peru | milk, transportation, wool, meat |
| గిన్నికోడి (Numida meleagris) | 2400 BC [20] | Africa | meat, eggs |
| ఏనుగు (Elephas maximus) | 2000 BC | Pakistan | muscle, transportation |
| Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) | 1500 BC | Europe | hunting, companionship |
| Fallow Deer (Dama dama) | 1000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | meat, antlers |
| Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) | 700–600 BC [19] | South America | meat/fat |
| Cochineal Insect (Oactylopius coccus) | 700–500 BC [19] | Chile, Mexico | red dye |
| నెమలి (Pavo cristatus) | 500 BC | భారత దేశము | show, feathers, meat |
| Barbary Dove (Streptopelia risoria) | 500 BC | North Africa | show |
| Banteng (Bos javanicus) | Unknown | Southeast Asia, Java Island | meat, milk, muscle |
| Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis) | Unknown | Southeast Asia | meat, muscle |
| Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) | Unknown | China | meat, fat |
| Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) | 180 AD [19] | Mexico, United States | meat, feathers |
| Stingless Bee (Melipona beecheii) | 180 AD [19] | Mexico, Amazon Basin | honey |
| బంగారుచేప (Carassius auratus auratus) | 300–400 AD | China | companionship |
| European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | 600 AD [21] | Europe | meat, fur, felt, companionship |
| హంస (Cygnus olor) | 1000–1500 | Europe | |
| Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) | 1100–1900 | Japan | meat |
| Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 1200–1500 AD | Europe, East Asia | meat, show (koi) |
| Canary (Serinus canaria) | 1600 | Canary Islands, Europe | companionship |
| Fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus) | 1800s | UK | companionship |
| European Mink (Mustela lutreola) | 1800s | Europe | fur |
| Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | 1850s | Europe | companionship |
| Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | 1870s | Europe | companionship |
| Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) | 1900s | Australia | companionship |
| Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) | 1930s | United States | companionship, research |
| Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) | 1950s | Soviet Union | fur, research |
| Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) | 1960s | United States | muscle, meat, milk |
మూలాలు
[మార్చు]- ↑ See Origin of the domestic dog
- ↑ Krebs, Robert E.; Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3.
- ↑ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2.
- ↑ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (2000). "The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression". Genetics. 154 (4): 1785–91. PMC 1461048. PMID 10747069.
- ↑ Melinda A. Zeder, Goat busters track domestication Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.
- ↑ "Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt". Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ↑ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1] Archived 2009-06-26 at the Wayback Machine, (in French).
- ↑ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
- ↑ "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 9500-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus". National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ↑ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ↑ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. Archived from the original on 2007-12-22. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ↑ West B.; Zhou B-X. (1989). "Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication" (PDF). World’s Poultry Science Journal. 45: 205–18. doi:10.1079/WPS19890012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-07-29. Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ↑ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge
- ↑ Beja-Pereira; Albano (18 June 2004). "African Origins of the Domestic Donkey". Science. 304 (1781).
- ↑ Roger Blench, The history and spread of donkeys in Africa PDF (235 KB)
- ↑ The Domestication of the Horse Archived 2007-02-02 at the Wayback Machine; see also Domestication of the horse
- ↑ "Domestication of Reindeer". Archived from the original on 2009-03-16. Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ↑ Geese: the underestimated species
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World Archived 2020-01-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Guinea Fowl". Archived from the original on 2010-06-23. Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ↑ "Interesting Rabbit Domestication History". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2010-12-04.