ముస్లిం శాస్త్రవేత్తలు: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

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విజువల్వికీటెక్స్ట్
చి యంత్రము కలుపుతున్నది: tr:Müslüman bilim adamları
వికీకరణ
పంక్తి 141: పంక్తి 141:
* [[Al-Tamimi]]
* [[Al-Tamimi]]
* [[Al-Masihi]]
* [[Al-Masihi]]
* [[ఇబ్నెసీనా|ఇబ్నె సీనా (Avicenna)]]
* [[Avicenna]]
* [[Ali ibn Ridwan]]
* [[Ali ibn Ridwan]]
* [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]], also a [[cartographer]]
* [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]], also a [[cartographer]]
పంక్తి 254: పంక్తి 254:
{{See|Islamic medicine}}
{{See|Islamic medicine}}


* [[Muhammad]], discussed [[Infectious disease|contagion]]<ref name=Conrad>Lawrence I. Conrad and Dominik Wujastyk (2000), ''Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-Modern Societies'', "A Ninth-Century Muslim Scholar's Discussion". [[Ashgate]], ISBN 0754602583.</ref><ref>Michael W. Dols (1983), "The Leper in Medieval Islamic Society", ''Speculum'' '''58''' (4), p. 891-916.</ref> and early Islamic medical treatments<ref name=Deuraseh>Nurdeen Deuraseh, "Ahadith of the Prophet (s.a.w) on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa’ fi Thalatha): An Interpretational", ''Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'', 2003 (4): 14-20.</ref>
* [[ముహమ్మద్]], discussed [[Infectious disease|contagion]]<ref name=Conrad>Lawrence I. Conrad and Dominik Wujastyk (2000), ''Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-Modern Societies'', "A Ninth-Century Muslim Scholar's Discussion". [[Ashgate]], ISBN 0754602583.</ref><ref>Michael W. Dols (1983), "The Leper in Medieval Islamic Society", ''Speculum'' '''58''' (4), p. 891-916.</ref> and early Islamic medical treatments<ref name=Deuraseh>Nurdeen Deuraseh, "Ahadith of the Prophet (s.a.w) on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa’ fi Thalatha): An Interpretational", ''Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'', 2003 (4): 14-20.</ref>
* [[Calid|Khalid ibn Yazid]] (Calid)
* [[:en:Calid|Khalid ibn Yazid]] (Calid)
* [[Jafar al-Sadiq]]
* [[:en:Jafar al-Sadiq]]
* [[Shapur ibn Sahl]] (d. 869), pioneer of [[pharmacy]] and [[pharmacopoeia]]<ref>Levey M. (1973), ''Early Arabic Pharmacology'', E. J. Brill, Leiden.</ref>
* [[:en:Shapur ibn Sahl]] (d. 869), pioneer of [[pharmacy]] and [[pharmacopoeia]]<ref>Levey M. (1973), ''Early Arabic Pharmacology'', E. J. Brill, Leiden.</ref>
* [[Al-Kindi]] (Alkindus) (801-873), pioneer of [[pharmacology]]<ref name=Frank>Felix Klein-Frank (2001), ''Al-Kindi'', in [[Oliver Leaman]] and [[Hossein Nasr]], ''History of Islamic Philosophy'', p. 172. [[Routledge]], London.</ref>
* [[Al-Kindi]] (Alkindus) (801-873), pioneer of [[pharmacology]]<ref name=Frank>Felix Klein-Frank (2001), ''Al-Kindi'', in [[Oliver Leaman]] and [[Hossein Nasr]], ''History of Islamic Philosophy'', p. 172. [[Routledge]], London.</ref>
* [[Abbas Ibn Firnas]] (Armen Firman) (810-887)
* [[:en:Abbas Ibn Firnas]] (Armen Firman) (810-887)
* [[Al-Jahiz]], pioneer of [[natural selection]]
* [[:en:Al-Jahiz]], pioneer of [[natural selection]]
* [[Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]], pioneer of medical [[encyclopedia]]<ref name=Amber/>
* [[:en:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]], pioneer of medical [[encyclopedia]]<ref name=Amber/>
* [[Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi]]
* [[:en:Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi]]
* [[Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi]] (854–931), pioneer of [[peer review]] and [[medical peer review]]<ref>Ray Spier (2002), "The history of the peer-review process", ''Trends in Biotechnology'' '''20''' (8), p. 357-358 [357].</ref>
* [[:en:Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi]] (854–931), pioneer of [[peer review]] and [[medical peer review]]<ref>Ray Spier (2002), "The history of the peer-review process", ''Trends in Biotechnology'' '''20''' (8), p. 357-358 [357].</ref>
* [[Al-Farabi]] (Alpharabius)
* [[:en:Al-Farabi]] (Alpharabius)
* [[Abul Hasan al-Tabari]] - physician
* [[:en:Abul Hasan al-Tabari]] - physician
* [[Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]] - physician
* [[:en:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]] - physician
* [[Ibn Al-Jazzar]]
* [[:en:Ibn Al-Jazzar]]
* [[Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi]] (d. 994), pioneer of [[obstetrics]] and [[perinatology]]<ref name=Abouleish>Ezzat Abouleish, "Contributions Of Islam To Medicine", in Shahid Athar (1993), ''Islamic Perspectives in Medicine'', [[Edinburgh University Press]], Edinburgh.</ref>
* [[:en:Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi]] (d. 994), pioneer of [[obstetrics]] and [[perinatology]]<ref name=Abouleish>Ezzat Abouleish, "Contributions Of Islam To Medicine", in Shahid Athar (1993), ''Islamic Perspectives in Medicine'', [[Edinburgh University Press]], Edinburgh.</ref>
* [[Abu Gaafar Amed ibn Ibrahim ibn abi Halid al-Gazzar]] (10th century), pioneer of [[dental restoration]]<ref>Salma Almahdi (2003), "Muslim Scholar Contribution in Restorative Dentistry", ''Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'' '''2''', pp. 56-57.</ref>
* [[:en:Abu Gaafar Amed ibn Ibrahim ibn abi Halid al-Gazzar]] (10th century), pioneer of [[dental restoration]]<ref>Salma Almahdi (2003), "Muslim Scholar Contribution in Restorative Dentistry", ''Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'' '''2''', pp. 56-57.</ref>
* [[Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi]] (Abulcasis) - father of modern [[surgery]], and pioneer of [[neurosurgery]],<ref name=Martinez/> [[craniotomy]],<ref name=Abouleish/> [[hematology]]<ref name=Patricia>Patricia Skinner (2001), [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0007/ai_2603000716 Unani-tibbi], ''Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine''</ref> and [[dental surgery]]<ref>Henry W. Noble, PhD (2002), [http://www.rcpsg.ac.uk/hdrg/2002oct4.htm Tooth transplantation: a controversial story], History of Dentistry Research Group, Scottish Society for the History of Medicine.</ref>
* [[:en:Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi]] (Abulcasis) - father of modern [[surgery]], and pioneer of [[neurosurgery]],<ref name=Martinez/> [[craniotomy]],<ref name=Abouleish/> [[hematology]]<ref name=Patricia>Patricia Skinner (2001), [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0007/ai_2603000716 Unani-tibbi], ''Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine''</ref> and [[dental surgery]]<ref>Henry W. Noble, PhD (2002), [http://www.rcpsg.ac.uk/hdrg/2002oct4.htm Tooth transplantation: a controversial story], History of Dentistry Research Group, Scottish Society for the History of Medicine.</ref>
* [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), pioneer of [[eye surgery]], [[visual system]]<ref name=Saad>Bashar Saad, Hassan Azaizeh, Omar Said (October 2005). "Tradition and Perspectives of Arab Herbal Medicine: A Review", ''Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine'' '''2''' (4), p. 475-479 [476]. [[Oxford University Press]].</ref> and [[visual perception]]<ref name=Steffens>Bradley Steffens (2006). ''Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist'', Chapter 5. Morgan Reynolds Publishing. ISBN 1599350246.</ref>
* [[ఇబ్నె హైతామ్]] (Alhacen), pioneer of [[eye surgery]], [[visual system]]<ref name=Saad>Bashar Saad, Hassan Azaizeh, Omar Said (October 2005). "Tradition and Perspectives of Arab Herbal Medicine: A Review", ''Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine'' '''2''' (4), p. 475-479 [476]. [[Oxford University Press]].</ref> and [[visual perception]]<ref name=Steffens>Bradley Steffens (2006). ''Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist'', Chapter 5. Morgan Reynolds Publishing. ISBN 1599350246.</ref>
* [[అల్బెరూని]]
* [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]]
* [[Avicenna]] (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern [[medicine]],<ref name=Cesk>Cas Lek Cesk (1980). "The father of medicine, Avicenna, in our science and culture: Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037)", ''Becka J.'' '''119''' (1), p. 17-23.</ref> founder of [[Unani]] medicine,<ref name=Patricia/> pioneer of [[Biomedical research|experimental medicine]], [[evidence-based medicine]], [[pharmaceutical sciences]], [[clinical pharmacology]],<ref name=Tschanz>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", ''Heart Views'' '''4''' (2).</ref> [[aromatherapy]],<ref>Marlene Ericksen (2000). ''Healing with Aromatherapy'', p. 9. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0658003828.</ref> [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]],<ref>Rachel Hajar (1999), "The Greco-Islamic Pulse", ''Heart Views'' '''1''' (4), pp. 136-140 [138-140].</ref> and also a philosopher
* [[ఇబ్నెసీనా]] (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern [[medicine]],<ref name=Cesk>Cas Lek Cesk (1980). "The father of medicine, Avicenna, in our science and culture: Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037)", ''Becka J.'' '''119''' (1), p. 17-23.</ref> founder of [[Unani]] medicine,<ref name=Patricia/> pioneer of [[Biomedical research|experimental medicine]], [[evidence-based medicine]], [[pharmaceutical sciences]], [[clinical pharmacology]],<ref name=Tschanz>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", ''Heart Views'' '''4''' (2).</ref> [[aromatherapy]],<ref>Marlene Ericksen (2000). ''Healing with Aromatherapy'', p. 9. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0658003828.</ref> [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]],<ref>Rachel Hajar (1999), "The Greco-Islamic Pulse", ''Heart Views'' '''1''' (4), pp. 136-140 [138-140].</ref> and also a philosopher
* [[Ibn Miskawayh]]
* [[:en:Ibn Miskawayh]]
* [[Ibn Zuhr]] (Avenzoar) - father of experimental [[surgery]],<ref name=Rabie2006>Rabie E. Abdel-Halim (2006), "Contributions of Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi to the progress of medicine and urology", ''Saudi Medical Journal'' '''27''' (11): 1631-1641.</ref> and pioneer of experimental [[anatomy]], experimental [[physiology]], human [[dissection]], [[autopsy]]<ref name=Hutchinson>[http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Islamic+medicine Islamic medicine], ''[[Hutchinson Encyclopedia]]''.</ref> and [[tracheotomy]]<ref name=Makki>A. I. Makki. "Needles & Pins", ''AlShindagah'' '''68''', January-February 2006.</ref>
* [[:en:Ibn Zuhr]] (Avenzoar) - father of experimental [[surgery]],<ref name=Rabie2006>Rabie E. Abdel-Halim (2006), "Contributions of Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi to the progress of medicine and urology", ''Saudi Medical Journal'' '''27''' (11): 1631-1641.</ref> and pioneer of experimental [[anatomy]], experimental [[physiology]], human [[dissection]], [[autopsy]]<ref name=Hutchinson>[http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Islamic+medicine Islamic medicine], ''[[Hutchinson Encyclopedia]]''.</ref> and [[tracheotomy]]<ref name=Makki>A. I. Makki. "Needles & Pins", ''AlShindagah'' '''68''', January-February 2006.</ref>
* [[Ibn Bajjah]] (Avempace)
* [[:en:Ibn Bajjah]] (Avempace)
* [[Ibn Tufail]] (Abubacer)
* [[:en:Ibn Tufail]] (Abubacer)
* [[Averroes]]
* [[:en:Averroes]]
* [[Ibn al-Baitar]]
* [[:en:Ibn al-Baitar]]
* [[Nasir al-Din Tusi]]
* [[:en:Nasir al-Din Tusi]]
* [[Ibn al-Nafis]] (1213-1288), father of [[Circulatory system|circulatory physiology]], pioneer of circulatory [[anatomy]],<ref>Chairman's Reflections (2004), "Traditional Medicine Among Gulf Arabs, Part II: Blood-letting", ''Heart Views'' '''5''' (2), p. 74-85 [80].</ref> and founder of Nafisian anatomy, [[physiology]],<ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 3 & 6, ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations'', [[University of Notre Dame]].[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615]</ref> [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]]<ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 224-228, ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations'', [[University of Notre Dame]].[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615]</ref>
* [[:en:Ibn al-Nafis]] (1213-1288), father of [[Circulatory system|circulatory physiology]], pioneer of circulatory [[anatomy]],<ref>Chairman's Reflections (2004), "Traditional Medicine Among Gulf Arabs, Part II: Blood-letting", ''Heart Views'' '''5''' (2), p. 74-85 [80].</ref> and founder of Nafisian anatomy, [[physiology]],<ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 3 & 6, ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations'', [[University of Notre Dame]].[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615]</ref> [[Pulse|pulsology and sphygmology]]<ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 224-228, ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations'', [[University of Notre Dame]].[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615]</ref>
* [[Ibn al-Quff]] (1233-1305), pioneer of modern [[embryology]]<ref name=Abouleish/>
* [[Ibn al-Quff]] (1233-1305), pioneer of modern [[embryology]]<ref name=Abouleish/>
* [[Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī]]
* [[Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī]]
* [[Ibn Khatima]] (14th century), pioneer of [[bacteriology]] and [[microbiology]]<ref name=Syed>Ibrahim B. Syed, Ph.D. (2002). "Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times", ''[[The Islamic Medical Association of North America|Journal of the Islamic Medical Association]]'' '''2''', p. 2-9.</ref>
* [[Ibn Khatima]] (14th century), pioneer of [[bacteriology]] and [[microbiology]]<ref name=Syed>Ibrahim B. Syed, Ph.D. (2002). "Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times", ''[[The Islamic Medical Association of North America|Journal of the Islamic Medical Association]]'' '''2''', p. 2-9.</ref>
* [[Ibn al-Khatib]] (1313-1374)
* [[:en:Ibn al-Khatib]] (1313-1374)
* [[Mansur ibn Ilyas]]
* [[:en:Mansur ibn Ilyas]]
* [[Saghir Akhtar]] - pharmacist
* [[:en:Saghir Akhtar]] - pharmacist
* [[Toffy Musivand]]
* [[:en:Toffy Musivand]]
* [[Samuel Rahbar]]
* [[:en:Samuel Rahbar]]
* [[Muhammad B. Yunus]], the "father of our modern view of [[fibromyalgia]]"<ref name=Winfield>John B. Winfield (2007), "Fibromyalgia and Related Central Sensitivity Syndromes: Twenty-five Years of Progress", ''Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism'' '''36''' (6): 335-338.</ref>
* [[:en:Muhammad B. Yunus]], the "father of our modern view of [[fibromyalgia]]"<ref name=Winfield>John B. Winfield (2007), "Fibromyalgia and Related Central Sensitivity Syndromes: Twenty-five Years of Progress", ''Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism'' '''36''' (6): 335-338.</ref>
* [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]], pioneer of [[biomedical research]] in space<ref name=star1>{{Cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/9/22/nation/18514133&sec=nation|title=Tapping into space research|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 22|publisher=TheStar|year=2007|author=theStar|language=English}}</ref><ref name=star2>{{Cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/10/11/nation/19136025&sec=nation|title=Mission in space|accessyear=2007|accessmonth=October 13|publisherTheStar|year=2007|author=theStar|language=English}}</ref>
* [[Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor]], pioneer of [[biomedical research]] in space<ref name=star1>{{Cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/9/22/nation/18514133&sec=nation|title=Tapping into space research|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 22|publisher=TheStar|year=2007|author=theStar|language=English}}</ref><ref name=star2>{{Cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/10/11/nation/19136025&sec=nation|title=Mission in space|accessyear=2007|accessmonth=October 13|publisherTheStar|year=2007|author=theStar|language=English}}</ref>
* [[Hulusi Behçet]], known for the discovery of [[Behçet's disease]]
* [[Hulusi Behçet]], known for the discovery of [[Behçet's disease]]
* [[Mehmet Öz]], cardiothoracic surgeon
* [[Mehmet Öz]], cardiothoracic surgeon


== భౌతిక శాస్త్రన్జులు ==
== Physicists ==
{{see|Islamic physics}}
{{see|Islamic physics}}
* [[Muhammad]] explained creation of the universe
* [[ముహమ్మద్]] explained creation of the universe
* [[Jafar al-Sadiq]], 8th century
* [[:en:Jafar al-Sadiq]], 8th century
* [[Banū Mūsā]] (Ben Mousa), 9th century
* [[:en:Banū Mūsā]] (Ben Mousa), 9th century
** [[Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir]]
** [[:en:Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir]]
** [[Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir]]
** [[:en:Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir]]
** [[Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir]]
** [:en:[Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir]]
* [[Abbas Ibn Firnas]] (Armen Firman), 9th century
* [[:en:Abbas Ibn Firnas]] (Armen Firman), 9th century
* [[Thābit ibn Qurra]] (Thebit), 9th century
* [[:en:Thābit ibn Qurra]] (Thebit), 9th century
* [[Al-Saghani]], 10th century
* [[:en:Al-Saghani]], 10th century
* [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī]] (Kuhi), 10th century
* [[:en:Abū Sahl al-Qūhī]] (Kuhi), 10th century
* [[Ibn Sahl]], 10th century
* [[:en:Ibn Sahl]], 10th century
* [[Ibn Yunus]], 10th century
* [[:en:Ibn Yunus]], 10th century
* [[Al-Karaji]], 10th century
* [[:en:Al-Karaji]], 10th century
* [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), 11th century [[Iraq]]i scientist, father of [[optics]],<ref name=Deek>Dr. Mahmoud Al Deek. "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", ''Al Shindagah'', November-December 2004.</ref> pioneer of [[scientific method]]<ref>Rosanna Gorini (2003), "Al-Haytham the Man of Experience: First Steps in the Science of Vision", ''International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'', Institute of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Rome, Italy.</ref> and [[experimental physics]],<ref>Rüdiger Thiele (2005). "In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm", ''Arabic Sciences and Philosophy'' '''15''', p. 329–331. [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref> considered the "first [[scientist]]"<ref>Bradley Steffens (2006), ''Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist'', Morgan Reynolds Publishing, ISBN 1599350246.</ref>
* [[ఇబ్నె హైతాం]] (Alhacen), 11th century [[Iraq]]i scientist, father of [[optics]],<ref name=Deek>Dr. Mahmoud Al Deek. "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", ''Al Shindagah'', November-December 2004.</ref> pioneer of [[scientific method]]<ref>Rosanna Gorini (2003), "Al-Haytham the Man of Experience: First Steps in the Science of Vision", ''International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'', Institute of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Rome, Italy.</ref> and [[experimental physics]],<ref>Rüdiger Thiele (2005). "In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm", ''Arabic Sciences and Philosophy'' '''15''', p. 329–331. [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref> considered the "first [[scientist]]"<ref>Bradley Steffens (2006), ''Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist'', Morgan Reynolds Publishing, ISBN 1599350246.</ref>
* [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]], 11th century, pioneer of [[:Category:Experimental mechanics|experimental mechanics]]<ref>Mariam Rozhanskaya and I. S. Levinova (1996), "Statics", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., ''[[Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science]]'', Vol. 2, p. 614-642 [642], [[Routledge]], London and New York.</ref>
* [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]], 11th century, pioneer of [[:Category:Experimental mechanics|experimental mechanics]]<ref>Mariam Rozhanskaya and I. S. Levinova (1996), "Statics", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., ''[[Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science]]'', Vol. 2, p. 614-642 [642], [[Routledge]], London and New York.</ref>
* [[Avicenna]], 11th century
* [[అవిసెన్నా]], 11th century
* [[Al-Khazini]], 12th century
* [[:en:Al-Khazini]], 12th century
* [[Ibn Bajjah]] (Avempace), 12th century
* [[:en:Ibn Bajjah]] (Avempace), 12th century
* [[Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi]] (Nathanel), 12th century
* [[:en:Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi]] (Nathanel), 12th century
* [[Averroes]], 12th century [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
* [[:en:Averroes]], 12th century [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
* [[Al-Jazari]], 13th century civil engineer, father of [[robotics]],<ref name="Vallely"/> father of modern [[engineering]]<ref>[http://www.mtestudios.com/news_100_years.htm 1000 Years of Knowledge Rediscovered at Ibn Battuta Mall], MTE Studios.</ref>
* [[:en:Al-Jazari]], 13th century civil engineer, father of [[robotics]],<ref name="Vallely"/> father of modern [[engineering]]<ref>[http://www.mtestudios.com/news_100_years.htm 1000 Years of Knowledge Rediscovered at Ibn Battuta Mall], MTE Studios.</ref>
* [[Nasir al-Din Tusi]], 13th century
* [[:en:Nasir al-Din Tusi]], 13th century
* [[Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi]], 13th century
* [[:en:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi]], 13th century
* [[Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī]], 13th century
* [[:en:Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī]], 13th century
* [[Hasan al-Rammah]], 13th century
* [[:en:Hasan al-Rammah]], 13th century
* [[Ibn al-Shatir]], 14th century
* [[:en:Ibn al-Shatir]], 14th century
* [[Taqi al-Din]], 16th century
* [[:en:Taqi al-Din]], 16th century
* [[Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi]], 17th century
* [[:en:Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi]], 17th century
* [[Lagari Hasan Çelebi]], 17th century
* [[:en:Lagari Hasan Çelebi]], 17th century
* [[Sake Dean Mahomet]], 18th century
* [[:en:Sake Dean Mahomet]], 18th century
* [[Tippu Sultan|Tipu Sultan]], 18th century [[India]]n mechanician
* [[టిప్పు సుల్తాన్]], 18th century [[India]]n mechanician
* [[Fazlur Khan]], 20th century [[Bangladesh]]i mechanician
* [[:en:Fazlur Khan]], 20th century [[Bangladesh]]i mechanician
* [[Mahmoud Hessaby]], 20th century [[Iran]]ian physicist
* [[:en:Mahmoud Hessaby]], 20th century [[Iran]]ian physicist
* [[Ali Javan]], 20th century [[Iran]]ian physicist
* [[:en:Ali Javan]], 20th century [[Iran]]ian physicist
* [[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]], 20th century [[Indonesia]]n aerospace engineer and president
* [[:en:Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]], 20th century [[Indonesia]]n aerospace engineer and president
* [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]], [[Pakistan]]i nuclear physicist
* [[:en:Abdul Qadeer Khan]], [[Pakistan]]i nuclear physicist
* [[Abdus Salam]], Pakistani physicist-First Ahmadi Muslim to win Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
* [[:en:Abdus Salam]], Pakistani physicist-First Ahmadi Muslim to win Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
* [[Abdul Kalam]], [[India]]n nuclear physicist
* [[అబ్దుల్ కలామ్]], [[India]]n nuclear physicist
* [[Mehran Kardar]], Iranian theoretical physicist
* [[:en:Mehran Kardar]], Iranian theoretical physicist
* [[Cumrun Vafa]], Iranian mathematical physicist
* [[:en:Cumrun Vafa]], Iranian mathematical physicist
* [[Nima Arkani-Hamed]], American-born Iranian physicist
* [[:en:Nima Arkani-Hamed]], American-born Iranian physicist
* [[Abdel Nasser Tawfik]], Egyptian-born German Particle Physisist
* [[:en:Abdel Nasser Tawfik]], Egyptian-born German Particle Physisist
* [[Munir Nayfeh]]
* [[:en:Munir Nayfeh]]


== రాజకీయ శాస్త్రవేత్తలు==
== రాజకీయ శాస్త్రవేత్తలు==
పంక్తి 352: పంక్తి 352:


== ఇవీ చూడండి ==
== ఇవీ చూడండి ==
* [[:en:List of Arab scientists and scholars|అరబ్ శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల మరియు పండితుల జాబితా]]
* [[అరబ్ శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల మరియు పండితుల జాబితా]] [[List of Arab scientists and scholars]]
* [[:en:List of Iranian scientists and scholars|ఇరాన్ శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల మరియు పండితుల జాబితా]]
* [[ఇరాన్ శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల మరియు పండితుల జాబితా]] [[List of Iranian scientists and scholars]]
* [[ఇస్లామీయ శాస్త్రం]]
* [[ఇస్లామీయ శాస్త్రం]]
* [[భారత్ ముస్లిం శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల మరియు పండితుల జాబితా]]
* [[భారత్ ముస్లిం శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల మరియు పండితుల జాబితా]]
* [[ఇస్లామీయ స్వర్ణయుగం]]
* [[ఇస్లామీయ స్వర్ణయుగం]]
* [[:en:Timeline of science and technology in the Islamic world|ముస్లిం ప్రపంచపు శాస్త్ర సాంకేతిక రంగాల కాలపట్టిక]]
* [[ముస్లిం ప్రపంచపు శాస్త్ర సాంకేతిక రంగాల కాలపట్టిక]] [[Timeline of science and technology in the Islamic world]]


== మూలాలు ==
== మూలాలు ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


[[వర్గం:ఇస్లాం]]
[[Category:Islam and science]]
[[వర్గం:ముస్లిం శాస్త్రవేత్తలు]]
[[Category:Muslims by occupation|Scientists]]
[[Category:Lists of Muslims|Scientists]]
[[Category:History of Islamic science]]
[[Category:Arab scientists]]


[[en:List of Muslim scientists]]
[[en:List of Muslim scientists]]

14:51, 23 మే 2009 నాటి కూర్పు

ముస్లిం శాస్త్రవేత్తలు

ముస్లిం ప్రపంచంలో శాస్త్రాలు శాస్త్తీయ చరిత్రలో ప్రముఖ పాత్రను పోషించాయి. ముస్లిం ప్రపంచానికి చెందిన అనేక శాస్త్రజ్ఞులు మానవాళికి సేవ చేసారు.

ముస్లిం శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల జాబితా :

ఖగోళ శాస్త్రజ్ఞులు మరియు ఖగోళ భౌతిక శాస్త్రవేత్తలు

ప్రధాన వ్యాసం: ముస్లిం ఖగోళ శాస్త్రజ్ఞుల జాబితా
Further information: ఇస్లామీయ ఖగోళ శాస్త్రము

రసాయనిక శాస్త్రజ్ఞులు మరియు అల్కెమిస్టులు

Further information: అల్‌కెమీ (ఇస్లాం) and అల్‌కెమీ

విత్త శాస్త్రవేత్తలు మరియు సామాజిక శాస్త్రవేత్తలు

Further information: Islamic sociology, Early Muslim sociology, and Islamic economics in the world
ఇవి కూడా చూడండి: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam

భౌగోళిక శాస్త్రజ్ఞులు మరియు భూ-శాస్త్రవేత్తలు

Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution

Mathematicians

Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies

Neuroscientists and Psychologists

Further information: Islamic psychological thought

Physicians and Surgeons

ప్రధాన వ్యాసం: Muslim doctors
Further information: Islamic medicine

భౌతిక శాస్త్రన్జులు

Further information: Islamic physics

రాజకీయ శాస్త్రవేత్తలు

ఇతర శాస్త్రాల శాస్త్రజ్ఞులు మరియు కనుగొన్నవారు

ఇవీ చూడండి

మూలాలు

  1. ↑ Defined Ahad's Sphere of the Sun[1]
  2. ↑ Peter Bond, Obituary: Lt-Gen Kerim Kerimov, The Independent, 7 April 2003.
  3. ↑ Betty Blair (1995), "Behind Soviet Aeronauts", Azerbaijan International 3 (3).
  4. ↑ Farouk El-Baz: With Apollo to the Moon, IslamOnline interview
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  14. ↑ Akbar Ahmed (2002). "Ibn Khaldun’s Understanding of Civilizations and the Dilemmas of Islam and the West Today", Middle East Journal 56 (1), p. 25.
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  21. ↑ Mahbub ul Haq (1995), Reflections on Human Development, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195101936.
  22. ↑ Amartya Sen (2000), "A Decade of Human Development", Journal of Human Development 1 (1): 17-23.
  23. ↑ Paula A. Monopoli, "The Global Advancement Of Women: Barriers And Best PracticesForeword", University of Maryland's Law Journal on Race, Religion, Gender and Class 6 (273): 273-280.
  24. ↑ Expanding Microcredit in India: A Great Opportunity for Poverty Alleviation, Grameen Dialogue.
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  26. ↑ [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9051339 Mas'udi, al-." Encyclopædia Britannica, 2006.
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  28. ↑ Solomon Gandz (1936), "The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra", Osiris I, p. 263–277."
  29. ↑ Serish Nanisetti, Father of algorithms and algebra, The Hindu, June 23, 2006.
  30. ↑ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
  31. ↑ Zadeh, L.A. (1965) "Fuzzy sets", Information and Control, 8, 338-353.
  32. ↑ Professor Lotfi A. Zadeh, University of California, Berkeley
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", The International Medical Journal 4 (2), p. 76-79.
  34. ↑ Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [375].
  35. ↑ Saoud, R. "The Arab Contribution to the Music of the Western World" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-01-12.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [361]
  37. ↑ Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [362]
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Ibrahim B. Syed PhD, "Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times", Journal of the Islamic Medical Association, 2002 (2), p. 2-9 [7].
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [363].
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", Revista de neurología 34 (9), p. 877-892.
  41. ↑ Omar Khaleefa (Summer 1999). "Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?", American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16 (2).
  42. ↑ Muhammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, "The Spirit of Muslim Culture"
  43. ↑ S Safavi-Abbasi, LBC Brasiliense, RK Workman (2007), "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire", Neurosurgical Focus 23 (1), E13, p. 3.
  44. ↑ Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1996). History of Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 315 & 1022-1023. ISBN 0415131596. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  45. ↑ G. A. Russell (1994), The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England, pp. 224-262, Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004094598.
  46. ↑ Lawrence I. Conrad and Dominik Wujastyk (2000), Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-Modern Societies, "A Ninth-Century Muslim Scholar's Discussion". Ashgate, ISBN 0754602583.
  47. ↑ Michael W. Dols (1983), "The Leper in Medieval Islamic Society", Speculum 58 (4), p. 891-916.
  48. ↑ Nurdeen Deuraseh, "Ahadith of the Prophet (s.a.w) on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa’ fi Thalatha): An Interpretational", Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 2003 (4): 14-20.
  49. ↑ Levey M. (1973), Early Arabic Pharmacology, E. J. Brill, Leiden.
  50. ↑ Felix Klein-Frank (2001), Al-Kindi, in Oliver Leaman and Hossein Nasr, History of Islamic Philosophy, p. 172. Routledge, London.
  51. ↑ Ray Spier (2002), "The history of the peer-review process", Trends in Biotechnology 20 (8), p. 357-358 [357].
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Ezzat Abouleish, "Contributions Of Islam To Medicine", in Shahid Athar (1993), Islamic Perspectives in Medicine, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  53. ↑ Salma Almahdi (2003), "Muslim Scholar Contribution in Restorative Dentistry", Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine 2, pp. 56-57.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Patricia Skinner (2001), Unani-tibbi, Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
  55. ↑ Henry W. Noble, PhD (2002), Tooth transplantation: a controversial story, History of Dentistry Research Group, Scottish Society for the History of Medicine.
  56. ↑ Bashar Saad, Hassan Azaizeh, Omar Said (October 2005). "Tradition and Perspectives of Arab Herbal Medicine: A Review", Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2 (4), p. 475-479 [476]. Oxford University Press.
  57. ↑ Bradley Steffens (2006). Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist, Chapter 5. Morgan Reynolds Publishing. ISBN 1599350246.
  58. ↑ Cas Lek Cesk (1980). "The father of medicine, Avicenna, in our science and culture: Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037)", Becka J. 119 (1), p. 17-23.
  59. ↑ David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2).
  60. ↑ Marlene Ericksen (2000). Healing with Aromatherapy, p. 9. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0658003828.
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  62. ↑ Rabie E. Abdel-Halim (2006), "Contributions of Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi to the progress of medicine and urology", Saudi Medical Journal 27 (11): 1631-1641.
  63. ↑ Islamic medicine, Hutchinson Encyclopedia.
  64. ↑ A. I. Makki. "Needles & Pins", AlShindagah 68, January-February 2006.
  65. ↑ Chairman's Reflections (2004), "Traditional Medicine Among Gulf Arabs, Part II: Blood-letting", Heart Views 5 (2), p. 74-85 [80].
  66. ↑ Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 3 & 6, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.[2]
  67. ↑ Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 224-228, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.[3]
  68. ↑ Ibrahim B. Syed, Ph.D. (2002). "Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times", Journal of the Islamic Medical Association 2, p. 2-9.
  69. ↑ John B. Winfield (2007), "Fibromyalgia and Related Central Sensitivity Syndromes: Twenty-five Years of Progress", Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 36 (6): 335-338.
  70. ↑ theStar (2007). "Tapping into space research" (in English). TheStar. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  71. ↑ theStar (2007). "Mission in space" (in English). {{cite web}}: Text "publisherTheStar" ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  72. ↑ Dr. Mahmoud Al Deek. "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", Al Shindagah, November-December 2004.
  73. ↑ Rosanna Gorini (2003), "Al-Haytham the Man of Experience: First Steps in the Science of Vision", International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Rome, Italy.
  74. ↑ Rüdiger Thiele (2005). "In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 15, p. 329–331. Cambridge University Press.
  75. ↑ Bradley Steffens (2006), Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist, Morgan Reynolds Publishing, ISBN 1599350246.
  76. ↑ Mariam Rozhanskaya and I. S. Levinova (1996), "Statics", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Vol. 2, p. 614-642 [642], Routledge, London and New York.
  77. ↑ 1000 Years of Knowledge Rediscovered at Ibn Battuta Mall, MTE Studios.
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