మూస:Braket
- "Template:Dirac notation" redirects here.
This is for producing templates {{bra}}, {{ket}}, and {{bra-ket}}. It can also produce quantum state vectors in bra–ket notation, using wikicode, ideally with {{math}}, as an alternative to LaTeX in <math> mode, but using this template ( {{braket}} ) is more clumsy than the simpler and more directly applicable {{bra}}, {{ket}}, and {{bra-ket}}.
Application[మార్చు]
There are three parameters, use as many as needed in this order:
- Brackets: choose one of:
- bra (for a bra vector),
- ket (for a ket vector),
- bra-ket (for the inner product), or
- Symbol 1:
- if 1 is set to bra or ket: enter the first symbol for the bra or ket,
- if 1 is set to bra-ket: enter the symbol for the bra part of the inner product
- Symbol 2:
- if 1 is set to bra or ket: this parameter is not needed.
- if 1 is set to bra-ket: enter the symbol for the ket part of the inner product
If 1 is set to bra-ket, the symbols are entered in the order they are read, left to right. The symbols can of course be bold, italic, underlined, any unicode symbol, etc.
Examples[మార్చు]
- Ket
A ket can be written: |ψ⟩
, that is {{braket|ket|ψ}}
.
Using {{math}}, a ket can be written: |ψ⟩
, that is {{math|{{braket|ket|ψ}}}}
.
- Bra
A bra can be written: ⟨
ψ| = |ψ⟩
†, that is {{braket|bra|ψ}} = {{braket|ket|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>
.
Using {{math}}, a bra can be written: ⟨
ψ| = |ψ⟩
†
, that is {{math|{{braket|bra|ψ}} {{=}} {{braket|ket|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>}}
.
- Bra-ket
The inner product of the kets |ξ⟩
and |ψ⟩
can be written: ⟨
ψ|ξ⟩
= ⟨
ξ|ψ⟩
†, that is {{braket|bra-ket|ψ|ξ}} = {{braket|bra-ket|ξ|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>
.
Using {{math}}, the inner product of the kets |ξ⟩
and |ψ⟩
can be written: ⟨
ψ|ξ⟩
= ⟨
ξ|ψ⟩
†
, that is {{math|{{braket|bra-ket|ψ|ξ}} {{=}} {{braket|bra-ket|ξ|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>}}
.
- Outer products
The outer product of the kets |ξ⟩
and |ψ⟩
can be written: |ψ⟩
⟨
ξ| = [|ξ⟩
⟨
ψ|]†, that is {{braket|ket|ψ}}{{braket|bra|ξ}} = [{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|bra|ψ}}]<sup>†</sup>
.
Using {{math}}, the outer product of the kets |ξ⟩
and |ψ⟩
can be written: |ψ⟩
⟨
ξ| = [|ξ⟩
⟨
ψ|]†
, that is {{braket|ket|ψ}}{{braket|bra|ξ}} {{=}} [{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|bra|ψ}}]<sup>†</sup>
.
- Inner products including operators
The inner product of the kets |ξ⟩ and Ĥ|ψ⟩ is written using a bra and ket separately between the operator (there is no third parameter for the operator symbol):
- ⟨
ψ|Ĥ|ξ⟩ = ⟨ ξ|Ĥ†|ψ⟩ , that is
{{braket|bra|ψ}}''Ĥ''{{braket|ket|ξ}} = {{braket|bra|ξ}}''Ĥ''<sup>†</sup>{{braket|ket|ψ}}
.
Using {{math}}, the inner product of the kets |ξ⟩
and Ĥ|ψ⟩
is written using a bra and ket separately between the operator:
- ⟨
ψ|Ĥ|ξ⟩ = ⟨ ξ|Ĥ†|ψ⟩ , that is
{{math|{{braket|bra|ψ}}''Ĥ''{{braket|ket|ξ}} {{=}} {{braket|bra|ξ}}''Ĥ''<sup>†</sup>{{braket|ket|ψ}}}}
.
In wiki-markup rather than LaTeX:
- iħd/dt
|Ψ(t)⟩ = Ĥ|Ψ(t)⟩ ↔ −iħ⟨ Ψ(t)|d/dt
= ⟨
Ψ(t)|Ĥ†
that is,
{{math|''iħ''{{sfrac|''d''|''dt''}}{{braket|ket|Ψ(''t'')}} {{=}} ''Ĥ''{{braket|ket|Ψ(''t'')}} ↔ −''iħ''{{braket|bra|Ψ(''t'')}}{{sfrac|''d''|''dt''}} {{=}} {{braket|bra|Ψ(''t'')}}''Ĥ''<sup>†</sup>}}
The tensor product of the kets |ξ⟩ and |ψ⟩ is written using the ket mode only (there is no paramter for tensor products):
- |ξ⟩
|ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ⟩ ⊗|ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ, ψ⟩ , that is
{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ}}⊗{{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ, ψ}}
.
Using {{math}}, the tensor product of the kets |ξ⟩
and |ψ⟩
is written using the ket mode only:
- |ξ⟩
|ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ⟩ ⊗|ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ, ψ⟩ , that is
{{math|{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ}}⊗{{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ, ψ}}}}
.