వికీపీడియా:బొమ్మలు వాడే విధానం

మల్టీమీడియాకు సంబంధించిన సామాన్య విషయాల (బొమ్మలు, ధ్వని మొదలైనవి.) కొరకు Wikipedia:Multimedia చూడండి. అప్‌లోడుకు సంబంధించిన సమాచారానికై బొమ్మల అప్‌లోడు చూడండి, లేదా సరాసరి అప్‌లోడు కు వెళ్ళండి.

బొమ్మలు అప్‌లోడు చెయ్యడానికి సంబంధించి కింది ప్రధానమైన నియమాలను పాటించాలి. ధ్వని ఫైళ్ళకు సంబంధించి Wikipedia:Sound చూడండి.

శిలాక్షరాలు (ప్రధాన నియమాలు)

1. అప్‌లోడు చేసేటపుడు కాపీహక్కులను దృష్టిలో పెట్టుకోండి.
2. 'బొమ్మ ఎక్కడినుండి వచ్చిందో, దాని మూలం ఏమిటో - వెబ్‌లో అయితే ఊఋళ్‌, లేకపోతే సంబంధిత ఫోటోగ్రాఫరును సంప్రదించు అడ్రసు వివరాలు స్పష్టంగా తెలియపరచండి.
3. బొమ్మ వివరణ పేజీలో బొమ్మ గురించి వివరిస్తూ, కాపీహక్కుల పరిస్థితిని కూడా తెలియజేయండి.
4. బొమ్మకు ఏదో ఒక బొమ్మ కాపీహక్కు టాగును తగిలించండి.
5. వివరమైన, స్పష్టమైన పేరు పెట్టండి. అదే పేరుతో ఇంతకు ముందే ఒక బొమ్మ ఉండి ఉంటే, దన్ని తీసివేసి కొత్తది చేరుతుందని గుర్తుంచుకోండి.
6. హై-రిసొల్యూషను బొమ్మను అప్‌లోడు చేసి (2 MB సైజు వరకు ఉన్న ఫైళ్ళను కూడా మీడియావికీ అనుమతిస్తుంది.), పేజీలో చూపించేటపుడు వికీపీడియా మార్కప్‌ వాడి దాన్ని తగ్గించవచ్చు. నఖచిత్రాలను 35 kb సైజుకు చెయ్యండి (గరిష్ఠంగా 70 kb). ముందే ఫైలు సైజును తగ్గించి అప్‌లోడు చెయ్యకండి, భవిష్యత్తులో వాటి వలన పెద్ద ఉపయోగం ఉండకపోవచ్చు.
7. బొమ్మలను వ్యాసానికి అవసరమైనంత మేరకే చూపించే విధంగా అవసరమైన దిద్దుబాట్లు చెయ్యండి.
8. టెక్స్టు కూడా కలిసి ఉండే బొమ్మను మీరు తయారు చేస్తుంటే, టెక్స్టు లేని బొమ్మను కూడా అప్‌లోడు చెయ్యండి, ఇతర భాషా వికీపీడియాలలో అది వాడుకోవచ్చు.
9. బొమ్మ యొక్క శ్రేయో వివరాలను బొమ్మలోనే ఇముడ్చకండి; వాటిని వివరణ పేజీలో పెట్టండి.
10. ఫోటోలకు JPEG పద్ధతిని, ఐకాన్లకు, లోగోలు, చిత్రాలు, మాపులు, జెండాలు మొదలైన వాటికి PNG ని, యానిమేషన్లకు GIF ను వాడండి. విండోస్‌ BMP బొమ్మలను వాడకండి; అవి చాలా ఎక్కువ స్థలాన్ని ఆక్రమిస్తాయి.
11. చక్కని ఆల్టర్నేటివ్‌ టెక్స్టును బొమ్మకు చేర్చండి.
12. అభ్యంతరకరమైన బొమ్మల విషయంలో అవి నిజంగా అవ్సరమేనా అన్నది ఆలోచించండి. వ్యాసంలో బొమ్మను పెట్టకుండా, లింకును మాత్రం ఇచ్చి, బొమ్మ గురించి ఒక హెచ్చరికను కూడా పెట్టండి. ఏదైనా బొమ్మకు సంబంధించి మీకు అభ్యంతరాలుంటే, వ్యాసపు చర్చా పేజీలో చర్చించండి. Wikipedia:Image censorship మరియు Wikipedia:Profanity#Offensive imagesచూడండి.

ఇంకా చూడండి

• Wikipedia:బొమ్మల కొలువు
• Wikipedia:వికీమీడియా కామన్స్

Copyright (images)

Please note: this is not the official copyright policy - it is merely a reminder with helpful tips:

Before you upload an image, make sure that either: you own the image; that it is in the public domain; or that the copyright holder has agreed to license it under the GFDL. Always note the image's copyright status on the image description page, using one of the image copyright tags, and provide useful details about the image's origin. If you created the image, for example, write image created by John Doe on Jan 1st, 2000 (replacing John Doe with your name, and Jan 1st, 2000 with the image creation date). Don't just write image created by me.

Under United States copyright law, all images published before January 1, 1923 in the United States are now in the public domain, but this does not apply to images that were created prior to 1923 and published in 1923 or later. The year 1923 has special significance and this date will not roll forward before 2019. Because Wikipedia pages, including non-English language pages, are currently hosted on a server in the United States, this law is particularly significant here. However, the interaction of Wikipedia, the GFDL, and international law is still under discussion.

While there are many places to acquire public domain photos at the public domain image resources, if you strongly suspect an image is a copyright infringement (for example, no copyright status exists on its image description page and you have seen it elsewhere under a copyright notice), then you should list it for deletion (see below).

Fair use considerations

The fair use doctrine used in America (but not in many other jurisdictions) is too frequently abused. Try to limit your use of this tag to album covers, book covers, DVD/video covers, movie posters, and corporate logos. Ask questions about whether an image is fair use at Wikipedia:Fair use.

The critical thing to remember -- our use of such images relies on a portion of the doctrine that says we can use a low-resolution public-but-copyrighted image (like an album cover, book cover, or movie poster) for the purpose of illustrating an article. A high-resolution image, suitable for purposes other than illustration/education (such as, say, printing bootleg CD covers), would not be considered fair use and would quickly be put up on Wikipedia:Images for deletion.

See also:

• Wikipedia:Copyrights#Image_guidelines
• Wikipedia:Image copyright tags
• meta:Avoid copyright paranoia.

Editing images

Use the Upload file page to replace an image with an edited version. Make sure your file has the same name as the one being replaced.

Converting an image to another file format changes the filename, hence the new image will have an entirely separate image description page.

Deleting images

1. Drop a line to the person who uploaded the image, telling them of your concerns. You may be able to resolve the issue at this point.
2. Remove all uses of the image from articles - make it an orphan
3. Add one of these notices to the image description page
   • copyvios: add the copyright infringement notice for images from Wikipedia:Copyright problems to the image description page:
   • otherwise: add the deletion notice {{ifd}} to the image description page.
4. List the image on one of these links:
   • copyvios: list the image on Wikipedia:Copyright problems
   • otherwise: list the image on Wikipedia:Images for deletion
5. The image can then be deleted after a week in the normal way - see our deletion policy.

To actually delete an image after following the above procedure, you must be an administrator. To do so, go to the image description page and click the (del) or Delete this page links. Deleted images cannot be undeleted. Therefore they are gone permanently unless someone happened to keep a backup.

Image titles

Descriptive titles are also useful. A map of Africa could be called "Africa.png", but quite likely more maps of Africa will be useful in Wikipedia, so it is good to be more specific, e.g. "Africa political map.yourinitials.png". Check whether there are already maps of Africa in Wikipedia. Then decide whether your map should replace one (in each article that uses it) or be additional. In the first case give it exactly the same name, otherwise a suitable other name. Avoid special characters in filenames or excessively long filenames, though, as that might make it difficult for some users to download the files onto their machines. Note that names are case sensitive, Africa.PNG is considered different from Africa.png. For uniformity, lower case file name extensions are recommended.

You may use the same name in the case of a different image that replaces the old one, and also if you make an improved version of the same image - perhaps a scanned image that you scanned again with a better quality scanner, or you used a better way of reducing the original in scale - then upload it with the same title as the old one. This allows people to easily compare the two images, and avoids the need to delete images or change articles. However, this is not possible if the format is changed, since then at least the extension part of the name has to be changed.

Currently there is no easy way to rename an image. Every skin except Nostalgia has either a “move” tab, or a “Move” or “Move this page” hyperlink. Clicking on one of these links will take you to a Move page, which doesn’t work. When you try to rename the image file, all you get is the following error message - “Error: could not submit form”. Therefore, the correct method to rename an image is to upload the image again, with the correct file name, and leave a request for speedy deletion on the first (incorrect file name) image. One template you might use for that is {{deletebecause|your reason here}}. Before you place the speedy deletion notice, make sure that all the articles that linked to the old image now link to the new image. A list of articles linking to an image is found at the end of the image's page.

Placement

See Wikipedia:Image markup for recommendations on the best markup to use. For ideas and examples of how to place images, see Wikipedia:Picture tutorial.

Photo montages

There are four different approaches to photo montages that different wikipedians take. Different approaches may be suitable for different subjects, or it may be possible to set a standard. The options are:

1. Photos at bottom of article (Erotic art in Pompeii)
2. Photos on "images of" page (eg sheep, images of sheep)
3. Photos on an image description page (eg cattle)
4. No photo montages allowed - only include a limited number of relevant photos

No decision on photo montages has been made yet. Please discuss pros and cons of each option on the talk page.

Note that it is not recommended to use animated GIFs to display multiple photos. The method is not suitable for printing and also is not user friendly (users can not save individual images and have to wait before being able to view images while other images cycle round)

Format

• Drawings, icons, political maps, flags and other such images (basically those with large, simple, and continuous blocks of color) should be in PNG format.
• Photos and photo-like maps should be in JPEG format.
• Animations should be in animated GIF format.

In general, if you have a good image that is in the wrong format, convert it to the correct format before uploading. However, if you find a map, flag, etc in JPEG format, only convert it to PNG if this reduces the file size without causing artifacts. For further advice on converting JPEG to PNG, see Wikipedia:How to reduce colors for saving a JPEG as PNG.

Most of the maps on the CIA World Factbook website were coded as JPEG, but are now coded as GIF. To update these photos, download the GIF picture from the CIA factbook, recode it in PNG format, and upload it to wikipedia.

Try to avoid cropping or otherwise editing JPEGs too frequently--each edit creates more loss of quality. If you can find an original of a photograph in 16-bit or 24-bit PNG or TIFF, edit that, and save as JPEG before you upload.

Avoid images that mix photographic and iconic content. Though CSS makes it easy to use a PNG overlay on top of a JPEG image, the Wikipedia software does not allow such a technique. Thus, both parts must be in the same file, and either the quality of one part will suffer, or the file size will be unnecessarily large.

When uploading SVG images, upload both the SVG source and a raster version, and cross-link on the image description page. Direct SVG support is planned (see meta:SVG image support) but not yet implemented. SVG uploads have currently been disabled by the developers.

See also: Wikipedia:How to keep image file sizes as small as possible

Size

Uploaded image size

Uploaded files must be smaller than 2 megabytes. The MediaWiki software Wikipedia uses can resize images automatically as of version 1.3, so it is rarely necessary to resize images yourself. Please help Wikipedia content be reused widely—including as a source for printed media—by uploading photographic images at high resolution. Use the Wikipedia image markup to resize it.

For line art, particularly that which you've drawn yourself, it may be better to manually resize the images to the right size and use them in the article. This is because the automatic resizing function can sometimes produce images that are larger in bytes than the original and/or of worse quality than the original.

In the future, Mediawiki image markup may be extended to better support "manual thumbnailing"; for now, go ahead and upload a large version of a manually-scaled image and then link to the larger version in the original's image description page.

Displayed image size

In articles, if you wish to have a photo beside the text, you should generally use the "thumbnail" option available in the "Image markup", or approximately 200-250 pixels of width if you're doing it manually. Larger images should generally be a maximum of 550 pixels wide, so that they can comfortably be displayed on 800x600 monitors.

Image queuing

Articles may get ugly and difficult to read if there are too many images crammed onto a page with relatively little text. They may even overlap.

For this reason, it is often a good idea to temporarily remove the least-important image from an article and queue it up on the article's talk page. Once there is enough text to support the image, any contributor is free to shift the image back into the article.

If a contributor believes such a queued image to be essential to the article, despite the lack of text, he or she may decide to put it back in. However, he or she should not simply revert the article to its previous state, but make an attempt to re-size the images or create some sort of gallery section in order to deal with the original problem.

It is a good idea to use the <gallery> tag for queued images.

It is important that queued images not be lost when archiving of talk pages takes place.

Revision history of articles containing images

Old versions of articles do not show corresponding old versions of images, but the latest ones, unless the file names of the images have changed.

Recommended software

These software packages have been recommended by wikipedians for use in image manipulation:

• The GIMP [1] (free, Open source - for Linux, Windows, Mac OS X)
• ImageMagick [2] (free, Open source - for Linux, Windows, Mac OS 9 or X, and others)
• PMView [3] (Commercial software - for Windows, OS/2)
• GraphicConverter [4] (Shareware - for Mac OS 8, 9 or X)
• IrfanView [5] (Freeware - for Windows) A multi-featured freeware tool, supports many image formats
• XNView [6] A multi-featured freeware tool, supports many image formats
• Adobe Photoshop [7] A very popular photo and image manipulation program.
• Ulead PhotoImpact [8] A photo and image editor
• Adobe Illustrator [9] A very popular imaging program, used especially for creating vector-based graphics.
• Macromedia Fireworks [10] Primarily used for processing static and animated web graphics. Contains only basic image manipulation tools.
• Paint.NET [11] (Freeware - for Windows) Freeware image editing software based on the .NET platform. Paint.NET has many of the powerful features that expensive commercial applications have, including the ability to use layers.
• Corel Paint Shop Pro [12] A powerful, far less expensive alternative to Adobe Photoshop - for Windows

Browse Wikipedia images in the Google cache

(warning: Many of these images are subject to copyright. Seek permission before republishing.) png jpg gif

Related topics

• How to use Commons multimedia
• Picture tutorial
• Graphics tutorials
• Public domain image resources
• Wikipedia:Sound
• Images linking to a page
• Avoid offensive images where they are not necessary as part of an encyclopedia
• Choosing appropriate illustrations
• WikiProject Illustration
• Tutorial on finding images