కార్బాక్సిలిక్ ఆమ్లం

Structure of a carboxylic acid

Carboxylate ion

The 3D structure of the carboxyl group

కార్బాక్సిలిక్ ఆమ్లం (Carboxylic acids (మూస:IPA-en) కనీసం ఒక్క కార్బాక్సిల్ గ్రూప్ కలిగిన ఆర్గానిక్ ఆమ్లం. దీని సాధారణ ఫార్ములా : R-COOH.

నామీకరణ

Carboxylic acids are commonly named as indicated in the table below. Although rarely used, IUPAC-recommended names also exist. For example, butyric acid (C₃H₇CO₂H) is, according to IUPAC guidelines, also known as butanoic acid.

The carboxylate anion R-COO^– is usually named with the suffix -ate, so acetic acid, for example, becomes acetate ion. In IUPAC nomenclature, carboxylic acids have an -oic acid suffix (e.g., octadecanoic acid). In common nomenclature, the suffix is usually -ic acid (e.g., stearic acid).

Straight-chained, saturated carboxylic acids

Carbon atoms	Common name	IUPAC name	Chemical formula	Common location or use
1	ఫార్మిక్ ఆమ్లం	Methanoic acid	HCOOH	Insect stings
2	ఎసిటిక్ ఆమ్లం	Ethanoic acid	CH3COOH	Vinegar
3	ప్రొపియోనిక్ ఆమ్లం	Propanoic acid	CH3CH2COOH	Preservative for stored grains
4	Butyric acid	Butanoic acid	CH3(CH2)2COOH	Rancid butter
5	Valeric acid	Pentanoic acid	CH3(CH2)3COOH	Valerian
6	Caproic acid	Hexanoic acid	CH3(CH2)4COOH	Goat fat
7	Enanthic acid	Heptanoic acid	CH3(CH2)5COOH
8	కాప్రిలిక్ ఆమ్లం	Octanoic acid	CH3(CH2)6COOH	Coconuts and breast milk
9	Pelargonic acid	Nonanoic acid	CH3(CH2)7COOH	Pelargonium
10	Capric acid	Decanoic acid	CH3(CH2)8COOH
12	లారిక్ ఆమ్లం	Dodecanoic acid	CH3(CH2)10COOH	Coconut oil and hand wash soaps.
14	మిరిస్టిక్ ఆమ్లం	Tetradecanoic acid	CH3(CH2)12COOH	Nutmeg
16	పామిటిక్ ఆమ్లం	Hexadecanoic acid	CH3(CH2)14COOH	Palm oil
18	స్టియరిక్ ఆమ్లం	Octadecanoic acid	CH3(CH2)16COOH	Chocolate, waxes, soaps, and oils
20	Arachidic acid	Icosanoic acid	CH3(CH2)18COOH	Peanut oil