మూస:Infobox californium
 | |
| కాలిఫోర్నియం | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /ˌkæləˈfɔːrniəm/ |
| Appearance | silvery |
| కాలిఫోర్నియం in the periodic table | |
| Group | f-block groups (no number) |
| Period | period 7 |
| Block | |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 |
| Physical properties | |
| Phase at STP | solid |
| Melting point | 1173 K (900[1] °C, 1652 °F) |
| Boiling point | (estimation) 1743[2] K (1470 °C, 2678 °F) |
| Density (near r.t.) | 15.1[1] g/cm3 |
| Atomic properties | |
| Oxidation states | +2, +3, +4, +5[3][4] |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.3[5] |
| Other properties | |
| Natural occurrence | synthetic |
| Crystal structure | simple hexagonal |
| Mohs hardness | 3–4[6] |
| CAS Number | 7440-71-3[1] |
| History | |
| Naming | after California, where it was discovered |
| Discovery | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1950) |
| Isotopes of కాలిఫోర్నియం | |
| Template:infobox కాలిఫోర్నియం isotopes does not exist | |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 CRC 2006, p. 4.56.
- ↑ Joseph Jacob Katz; Glenn Theodore Seaborg; Lester R. Morss (1986). The Chemistry of the actinide elements. Chapman and Hall. p. 1038. ISBN 9780412273704. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 1265. ISBN 0080379419.
- ↑ Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. (2018). "Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States". Inorg. Chem. 57 (15). American Chemical Society: 9453–9467. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450. OSTI 1631597. PMID 30040397. S2CID 51717837.
- ↑ Emsley 1998, p. 50.
- ↑ CRC 1991, p. 254.
- ↑ CRC 2006, p. 1.14.
- ↑ Greenwood 1997, p. 1265.
- ↑ CRC 2006, p. 10.204.
- ↑ CRC 2006, p. 11.196.
- ↑ NNDC contributors (2008). Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager) (ed.). "Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-03-01.