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మూస:Infobox californium

లంకెలను చేర్చండి
వికీపీడియా నుండి
కాలిఫోర్నియం, 00Cf
A very small disc of silvery metal, magnified to show its metallic texture
కాలిఫోర్నియం
Pronunciation/ˌkæləˈfɔːrniəm/ ​(KAL-ə-FOR-nee-əm)
Appearancesilvery
Mass number[251]
కాలిఫోర్నియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
Dy
↑
Cf
↓
(Upn)
బెర్కీలియం ← కాలిఫోర్నియం → ఐన్‌స్టీనియం
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 7
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f10 7s2[1]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1173 K ​(900[2] °C, ​1652 °F)
Boiling point(estimation) 1743[3] K ​(1470 °C, ​2678 °F)
Density (near r.t.)15.1[2] g/cm3
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +3, +4, +5[4][5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3[6]
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of కాలిఫోర్నియం
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structure ​simple hexagonal
Simple hexagonal crystal structure for కాలిఫోర్నియం
Mohs hardness3–4[7]
CAS Number7440-71-3[2]
History
Namingafter California, where it was discovered
DiscoveryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1950)
Isotopes of కాలిఫోర్నియం
Template:infobox కాలిఫోర్నియం isotopes does not exist
 Category: కాలిఫోర్నియం
| references

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 CRC 2006, p. 1.14.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 CRC 2006, p. 4.56.
  3. ↑ Joseph Jacob Katz; Glenn Theodore Seaborg; Lester R. Morss (1986). The Chemistry of the actinide elements. Chapman and Hall. p. 1038. ISBN 9780412273704. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  4. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 1265. ISBN 0080379419.
  5. ↑ Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. (2018). "Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States". Inorg. Chem. 57 (15). American Chemical Society: 9453–9467. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450. OSTI 1631597. PMID 30040397. S2CID 51717837.
  6. ↑ Emsley 1998, p. 50.
  7. ↑ CRC 1991, p. 254.
  8. ↑ Greenwood 1997, p. 1265.
  9. ↑ CRC 2006, p. 10.204.
  10. ↑ CRC 2006, p. 11.196.
  11. ↑ NNDC contributors (2008). Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager) (ed.). "Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-03-01.


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