మూస:Infobox thallium

థాలియం, ₀₀Tl
థాలియం
Pronunciation	/ˈθæliəm/ (THAL-ee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Tl)
	[204.382, 204.385]; 204.38±0.01 (abridged);
థాలియం in the periodic table
	పాదరసం ← థాలియం → సీసము
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	577 K (304 °C, 579 °F)
Boiling point	1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	11.85 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	11.22 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	4.14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	165 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.32 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.62
Atomic radius	empirical: 170 pm
Covalent radius	145±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	196 pm
	Spectral lines of థాలియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	818 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	29.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	46.1 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	0.18 µ Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	8 GPa
Shear modulus	2.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	43 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.45
Mohs hardness	1.2
Brinell hardness	26.4 MPa
CAS Number	7440-28-0
History
Discovery	William Crookes (1861)
First isolation	Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Isotopes of థాలియం v; e;
	Template:infobox థాలియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: థాలియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Thallium". CIAAW. 2009.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z. PMID 11666505.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Thallium". CIAAW. 2009.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z. PMID 11666505.

[4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

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