మూస:Infobox tungsten

టంగ్‌స్టన్, ₀₀W
టంగ్‌స్టన్
Pronunciation	/ˈtʌŋstən/ (TUNG-stən)
Allotropes	α-tungsten (common), β-tungsten
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Standard atomic weight Ar°(W)
	183.84±0.01; 183.84±0.01 (abridged);
టంగ్‌స్టన్ in the periodic table
	టాంటాలం ← టంగ్‌స్టన్ → రీనియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F)
Boiling point	5828 K (5555 °C, 10031 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.25 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.6 g/cm3
Critical point	13892 K, MPa
Heat of fusion	35.3 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	806.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
	Spectral lines of టంగ్‌స్టన్
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	(annealed) 4620 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	173 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430 MPa
Brinell hardness	2570 MPa
CAS Number	7440-33-7
History
Discovery	Torbern Bergman (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Symbol	"W": from Wolfram, originally from Middle High German wolf-rahm 'wolf's foam' describing the mineral wolframite
Isotopes of టంగ్‌స్టన్ v; e;
	Template:infobox టంగ్‌స్టన్ isotopes does not exist
	Category: టంగ్‌స్టన్; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tungsten". CIAAW. 1991.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ van der Krogt, Peter. "Wolframium Wolfram Tungsten". Elementymology& Elements Multidict. Archived from the original on 2010-01-23. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
↑ "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Retrieved 2008-06-15.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Tungsten". CIAAW. 1991.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.

[4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[sweetums-5] van der Krogt, Peter. "Wolframium Wolfram Tungsten". Elementymology& Elements Multidict. Archived from the original on 2010-01-23. Retrieved 2010-03-11.

[6] "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Retrieved 2008-06-15.

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