మూస:యూరోపియం మూలకము

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Europium, 00Eu
Europium
Pronunciation/jʊˈrpiəm/ (yuu-ROH-pee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white, but rarely seen without oxide discoloration
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Eu)
Europium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium


Eu

Am
samariumeuropiumgadolinium
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1099 K ​(826 °C, ​1519 °F)
Boiling point1802 K ​(1529 °C, ​2784 °F)
Density (near r.t.)5.264 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)5.13 g/cm3
Heat of fusion9.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization176 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.66 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 863 957 1072 1234 1452 1796
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[3] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.2 (?)
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 547.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1085 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2404 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius198±6 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of europium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for europium
Thermal expansionpoly: 35.0 µm/(m⋅K) (r.t.)
Thermal conductivityest. 13.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivitypoly 0.900 µΩ⋅m (r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Young's modulus18.2 GPa
Shear modulus7.9 GPa
Bulk modulus8.3 GPa
Poisson ratio0.152
Vickers hardness167 MPa
CAS Number7440-53-1
History
Namingafter Europe
Discovery and first isolationEugène-Anatole Demarçay (1896, 1901)
Isotopes of europium
Template:infobox europium isotopes does not exist
 Category: Europium
| references

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Europium". CIAAW. 1995.
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  4. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.