మూస:సోడియం మూలకము

సోడియం, ₀₀Na
సోడియం
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Na)
	22.98976928±0.00000002; 22.990±0.001 (abridged);
సోడియం in the periodic table
	నియాన్ ← సోడియం → మెగ్నీషియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 3
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s1
Electrons per shell	2,8,1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	370.944 K (97.794 °C, 208.029 °F)
Boiling point	1156.090 K (882.940 °C, 1621.292 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	0.968 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	0.927 g/cm3
Critical point	(extrapolated); 2573 K, 35 MPa
Heat of fusion	2.60 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	97.42 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	28.230 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1, 0, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.93
Ionization energies	(more);
Atomic radius	empirical: 186 pm
Covalent radius	166±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	227 pm
	Spectral lines of సోడియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3200 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	71 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	142 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	47.7 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	10 GPa
Shear modulus	3.3 GPa
Bulk modulus	6.3 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.5
Brinell hardness	0.69 MPa
CAS Number	7440-23-5
History
Discovery	Humphry Davy (1807)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1807)
Symbol	"Na": from New Latin natrium, coined from German Natron, 'natron'
Isotopes of సోడియం v; e;
	Template:infobox సోడియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: సోడియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Sodium". CIAAW. 2005.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ The compound NaCl has been shown in experiments to exists in several unusual stoichiometries under high pressure, including Na₃Cl in which contains a layer of sodium(0) atoms; see Zhang, W.; Oganov, A. R.; Goncharov, A. F.; Zhu, Q.; Boulfelfel, S. E.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Stavrou, E.; Somayazulu, M.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Konôpková, Z. (2013). "Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides". Science. 342 (6165): 1502–1505. arXiv:1310.7674. Bibcode:2013Sci...342.1502Z. doi:10.1126/science.1244989. PMID 24357316. S2CID 15298372.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Endt, P. M. (1990). "Energy levels of A = 21–44 nuclei (VII)". Nuclear Physics A. 521: 1–400. Bibcode:1990NuPhA.521....1E. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(90)90598-G.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Sodium". CIAAW. 2005.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] The compound NaCl has been shown in experiments to exists in several unusual stoichiometries under high pressure, including Na₃Cl in which contains a layer of sodium(0) atoms; see Zhang, W.; Oganov, A. R.; Goncharov, A. F.; Zhu, Q.; Boulfelfel, S. E.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Stavrou, E.; Somayazulu, M.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Konôpková, Z. (2013). "Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides". Science. 342 (6165): 1502–1505. arXiv:1310.7674. Bibcode:2013Sci...342.1502Z. doi:10.1126/science.1244989. PMID 24357316. S2CID 15298372.

[4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[npa521_1-5] Endt, P. M. (1990). "Energy levels of A = 21–44 nuclei (VII)". Nuclear Physics A. 521: 1–400. Bibcode:1990NuPhA.521....1E. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(90)90598-G.

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మూస:సోడియం మూలకము

References

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