మూస:Infobox gold

బంగారం, ₀₀Au

బంగారం
Appearance	metallic yellow
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Au)
	196.966570±0.000004 196.97±0.01 (abridged)
బంగారం in the periodic table
Group	group 11
Period	period 6
Block
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
Boiling point	3129 K ​(2856 °C, ​5173 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.30 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	324 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.418 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1646 1814 2021 2281 2620 3078
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.54
Atomic radius	empirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius	136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	166 pm
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​face centered cubic face centered cubic
Speed of sound thin rod	2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	14.2 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	318 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	22.14 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	27 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.44
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	216 MPa
Brinell hardness	25 HB = ?? MPa
CAS Number	7440-57-5
History
Discovery	Middle Easterns (before 6000 BC)
Symbol	"Au": from Latin aurum
Isotopes of బంగారం

References

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