మూస:Infobox holmium

హోల్మియం, ₀₀Ho
హోల్మియం
Pronunciation	/ˈhoʊlmiəm/ (HOHL-mee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ho)
	164.930329±0.000005; 164.93±0.01 (abridged);
హోల్మియం in the periodic table
	డిస్ప్రోసియం ← హోల్మియం → ఇర్బియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1734 K (1461 °C, 2662 °F)
Boiling point	2993 K (2720 °C, 4928 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.79 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.34 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	17.0 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	265 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.15 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.23
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	192±7 pm
	Spectral lines of హోల్మియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	2760 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (poly) 11.2 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity	16.2 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (poly) 814 n Ω⋅m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	64.8 GPa
Shear modulus	26.3 GPa
Bulk modulus	40.2 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.231
Vickers hardness	481 MPa
Brinell hardness	746 MPa
CAS Number	7440-60-0
History
Discovery	Marc Delafontaine (1878)
Isotopes of హోల్మియం v; e;
	Template:infobox హోల్మియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: హోల్మియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Holmium". CIAAW. 2021.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Holmium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Cloke1993-3] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

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