మూస:Infobox indium

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ఇండియం, 00In
ఇండియం
Pronunciation/ˈɪndiəm/ (IN-dee-əm)
Appearancesilvery lustrous gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(In)
ఇండియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
Ga

In

Tl
కాడ్మియంఇండియంతగరము
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 5
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point429.7485 K ​(156.5985 °C, ​313.8773 °F)
Boiling point2345 K ​(2072 °C, ​3762 °F)
Density (near r.t.)7.31 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)7.02 g/cm3
Triple point429.7445 K, ​~1[3] kPa
Heat of fusion3.281 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization231.8 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.74 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1196 1325 1485 1690 1962 2340
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−5, −2, −1, 0,[4] +1, +2, +3[5] (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.78
Atomic radiusempirical: 167 pm
Covalent radius142±5 pm
Van der Waals radius193 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of ఇండియం
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structuretetragonal
Tetragonal crystal structure for ఇండియం
Speed of sound thin rod1215 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion32.1 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity81.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity83.7 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[6]
Young's modulus11 GPa
Mohs hardness1.2
Brinell hardness8.83 MPa
CAS Number7440-74-6
History
DiscoveryFerdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1863)
First isolationHieronymous Theodor Richter (1867)
Isotopes of ఇండియం
Template:infobox ఇండియం isotopes does not exist
 Category: ఇండియం
| references

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. Mangum, B W (1989). "Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures". Metrologia. 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.
  4. Unstable In(0) carbonyls and clusters have been detected, see [1], p. 6.
  5. Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e. PMID 11666477.
  6. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.


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