మూస:Infobox thulium

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థూలియం, 00Tm
థూలియం
Pronunciation/ˈθjliəm/ (THEW-lee-əm)
Appearancesilvery gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Tm)
థూలియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
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Tm

Md
ఇర్బియంథూలియంయిటెర్బియం
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
Boiling point2223 K ​(1950 °C, ​3542 °F)
Density (near r.t.)9.32 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.56 g/cm3
Heat of fusion16.84 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization247 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3 (a basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.25
Atomic radiusempirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius190±10 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of థూలియం
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for థూలియం
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (poly)
13.3 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity16.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (poly) 676 n Ω⋅m
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic at 300 K
Young's modulus74.0 GPa
Shear modulus30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio0.213
Vickers hardness520 MPa
Brinell hardness471 MPa
CAS Number7440-30-4
History
DiscoveryPer Teodor Cleve (1879)
First isolationPer Teodor Cleve (1879)
Isotopes of థూలియం
Template:infobox థూలియం isotopes does not exist
 Category: థూలియం
| references

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Thulium". CIAAW. 2021.
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  4. La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB8 clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9. PMC 8578558. PMID 34753931.


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