మూస:లిథియం మూలకము

లిథియం, ₀₀Li
	Lithium floating in oil
లిథియం
Pronunciation	/ˈlɪθiəm/ (LITH-ee-əm)
Appearance	silvery-white (shown floating in oil)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Li)
	[6.938, 6.997]; 6.94±0.06 (abridged);
లిథియం in the periodic table
	హీలియం ← లిథియం → బెరీలియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 2
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s1
Electrons per shell	2, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	453.65 K (180.50 °C, 356.90 °F)
Boiling point	1615 K (1342 °C, 2448 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	0.534 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	0.512 g/cm3
Critical point	(extrapolated); 3220 K, 67 MPa
Heat of fusion	3.00 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	147.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.860 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.98
Atomic radius	empirical: 152 pm
Covalent radius	128±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	182 pm
	Spectral lines of లిథియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	6000 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	46 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	84.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	92.8 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	4.9 GPa
Shear modulus	4.2 GPa
Bulk modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.6
CAS Number	7439-93-2
History
Discovery	Johan August Arfwedson (1817)
First isolation	William Thomas Brande (1821)
Isotopes of లిథియం v; e;
	Template:infobox లిథియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: లిథియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 19 (45): 30481–30497. doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K. PMID 29114648.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 19 (45): 30481–30497. doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K. PMID 29114648.

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