రుథేనియం, 00Ru |
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| Pronunciation | (roo-THEE-nee-əm) |
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| Appearance | silvery white metallic |
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| Group | group 8 |
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| Period | period 5 |
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| Block | |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 2607 K (2334 °C, 4233 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 12.45 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 10.65 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 38.59 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 591.6 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 24.06 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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| at T (K)
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2588
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2811
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3087
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3424
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3845
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4388
|
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| Oxidation states | −4, −2, 0, +1,[3] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.2 |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 134 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 146±7 pm |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 5970 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 6.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 117 W/(m⋅K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 71 n Ω⋅m (at 0 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[4] |
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| Young's modulus | 447 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 173 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 220 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.30 |
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| Mohs hardness | 6.5 |
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| Brinell hardness | 2160 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-18-8 |
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| Discovery | Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807) |
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| First isolation | Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807) |
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| Recognized as a distinct element by | Karl Ernst Claus (1844) |
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| Template:infobox రుథేనియం isotopes does not exist |
 Category: రుథేనియం
| references |
References
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