మూస:Infobox zirconium

జిర్కోనియం, ₀₀Zr

జిర్కోనియం
Pronunciation	/zɜːrˈkoʊniəm/ ​(zur-KOH-nee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Zr)
	91.224±0.002 91.224±0.002 (abridged)
జిర్కోనియం in the periodic table
Group	group 4
Period	period 5
Block
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2128 K ​(1855 °C, ​3371 °F)
Boiling point	4682 K ​(4409 °C, ​7968 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	6.52 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	5.8 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	573 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.36 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2639 2891 3197 3575 4053 4678
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.33
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	175±7 pm
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	3800 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	5.7 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	22.6 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	421 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	88 GPa
Shear modulus	33 GPa
Bulk modulus	91.1 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	5.0
Vickers hardness	903 MPa
Brinell hardness	650 MPa
CAS Number	7440-67-7
History
Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Isotopes of జిర్కోనియం

References

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