సిలికాన్, 00 Si Pronunciation Allotropes see Allotropes of silicon Appearance crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Group మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format Period period 3 Block p-block Electron configuration [Ne ] 3s2 3p2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 4 Phase at STP solid Melting point 1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F) Boiling point 3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 2.3290 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 2.57 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 50.21 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 359 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 19.789 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1908
2102
2339
2636
3021
3537
Oxidation state s−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[ 3] [ 4] +4 amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.90 Ionization energies Atomic radius empirical: 111 pm Covalent radius 111 pm Van der Waals radius 210 pm Spectral line s of సిలికాన్Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure face-centered diamond-cubic Speed of sound thin rod 8433 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 2.6 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 149 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 103 [ 5] Magnetic ordering diamagnetic [ 6] Young's modulus 130-188[ 7] Shear modulus 51-80[ 7] Bulk modulus 97.6[ 7] Poisson ratio 0.064 - 0.28[ 7] Mohs hardness 7 CAS Number 7440-21-3 Prediction Antoine Lavoisier (1787) Discovery Jöns Jacob Berzelius [ 8] [ 9] (1823) First isolation Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823) Named by Thomas Thomson (1817) Template:infobox సిలికాన్ isotopes does not exist Category: సిలికాన్ references
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Silicon" . CIAAW . 2009.↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 . ↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound" . Chemistry Europe . 27 August 2016.↑ Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF) . J. Mol. Spectr . 190 (2): 341–352. doi :10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582 . PMID 9668026 . ↑ Physical Properties of Silicon . New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties. Ioffe Institute↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 [1] Hopcroft, "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2010↑ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education . 9 (8): 1386–1412. Bibcode :1932JChEd...9.1386W . doi :10.1021/ed009p1386 .↑ Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry . 80 (12): 2190. doi :10.1134/S1070427207120397 . ↑ Ram, R. S. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF) . J. Mol. Spectr . 190 : 341–352. PMID 9668026 . 
