అమృతా ప్రీతం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

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{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
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| name = అమృతా ప్రీతం
| name = అమృతా ప్రీతం
| image = Amrita Pritam (1919 – 2005) , in 1948.jpg
| image = Amrita Pritam (1919 – 2005) , in 1948.jpg
పంక్తి 19: పంక్తి 19:
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'''అమృతా ప్రీతం ''' భారతదేశపు సుప్రసిద్ద రచయిత్రి. [[పంజాబీ భాష|పంజాబీ]] భాషలో రచనలు చేసిన మొదటి మహిళా రచయిత్రిగా కొనియాడబడింది. దాదాపు వందకు పైగా రచనలు చేసింది.
'''అమృతా ప్రీతం ''' భారతదేశపు సుప్రసిద్ద రచయిత్రి. [[పంజాబీ భాష|పంజాబీ]] భాషలో రచనలు చేసిన మొదటి మహిళా రచయిత్రిగా కొనియాడబడింది. దాదాపు వందకు పైగా రచనలు చేసింది.

'''Amrita Pritam''' {{audio|Amrita Pritam pronunciation.ogg|listen}} (31 August 1919&nbsp;– 31 October 2005) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] writer and poet, who wrote in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Hindi]].<ref name="lang" /> She is considered the first prominent woman [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] poet, novelist, and essayist, and the leading 20th-century poet of the [[Punjabi language]], who is equally loved on both sides of the India-Pakistan border. With a career spanning over six decades, she produced over 100 books of poetry, fiction, biographies, essays, a collection of Punjabi folk songs and an autobiography that were translated into several Indian and foreign languages.<ref name="guar" /><ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005%5C11%5C14%5Cstory_14-11-2005_pg7_43 Amrita Pritam: A great wordsmith in Punjab’s literary history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619074153/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005%5C11%5C14%5Cstory_14-11-2005_pg7_43|date=19 June 2006}} ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)]]'', 14 November 2005.</ref>

She is most remembered for her poignant poem, ''[[Ajj aakhaan Waris Shah nu]]'' (Today I invoke Waris Shah – "Ode to Waris Shah"), an [[elegy]] to the 18th-century Punjabi poet, an expression of her anguish over massacres during the [[partition of India]]. As a novelist, her most noted work was ''[[Pinjar (novel)|Pinjar]]'' (The Cage) (1950), in which she created her memorable character, ''Puro'', an [[epitome]] of violence against women, loss of humanity and ultimate surrender to [[Existentialism|existential]] fate; the novel was made into an award-winning film, ''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]]'' in 2003.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051105/saturday/main1.htm Always Amrita, Always Pritam] ''Gulzar Singh Sandhu on the Grand Dame of Punjabi letters'', ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 5 November 2005.</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|0347779|Pinjar}}</ref>

When the former [[British India]] was partitioned into the independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947, she migrated from [[Lahore]], to India, though she remained equally popular in Pakistan throughout her life, as compared to her contemporaries like [[Mohan Singh (poet)|Mohan Singh]] and [[Shiv Kumar Batalvi]].

Known as the most important voice for the women in [[Punjabi literature]], in 1956, she became the first woman to win the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for her [[Masterpiece|magnum opus]], a long poem, ''Sunehade'' (Messages),<ref name="mod">[https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA945&dq=Amrita+Pritam&sig=ACfU3U0CpuZGiTYdM4_fgX4dsZaextbNnA#PPA945,M1 Amrita Pritam] ''Modern Indian Literature: an Anthology'', by K. M. George, [[Sahitya Akademi]]. 1992, {{ISBN|81-7201-324-8}}.''945–947''.</ref> later she received the [[Jnanpith Award|Bharatiya Jnanpith]], one of India's highest literary awards, in 1982 for ''Kagaz Te Canvas'' (The Paper and the Canvas). The [[Padma Shri]] came her way in 1969 and finally, [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian award, in 2004, and in the same year she was honoured with India's highest literary award, given by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] (India's Academy of Letters), the [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]] given to ''the "immortals of literature"'' for lifetime achievement.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/05/stories/2004100514031300.htm Sahitya Akademi fellowship for Amrita Pritam, Anantha Murthy] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 5 October 2004.</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Background ===
Amrita Pritam was born as Amrit Kaur in 1919 in [[Gujranwala]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], in present-day Pakistan,<ref name="guar">[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/nov/04/guardianobituaries.india Amrita Pritam – Obituary] ''[[The Guardian]]'', 4 November 2005.</ref> the only child of a school teacher, a poet and a scholar of [[Braj Bhasha]], Kartar Singh Hitkari, who also edited a literary journal.<ref name="wom" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA254&dq=Amrita+Pritam&sig=ACfU3U1QKgR3CqBR6Vw_eBNoNj5e38LdYw#PPA254,M1 New Panjabi Poetry ( 1935–47)] ''Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India'', by Nalini Natarajan, Emmanuel Sampath Nelson, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. {{ISBN|0-313-28778-3}}.''Page 253-254''.</ref> Besides this, he was a ''pracharak''&nbsp;– a preacher of the Sikh faith.<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_111205a.html Kushwant Singh, "Amrita Pritam: Queen of Punjabi Literature", ''The Sikh Times'']</ref> Amrita's mother died when she was eleven. Soon after, she and her father moved to [[Lahore]], where she lived till her migration to India in 1947. Confronting adult responsibilities, and besieged by loneliness following her mother's death, she began to write at an early age. Her first anthology of poems, ''Amrit Lehran'' (Immortal Waves) was published in 1936, at age sixteen, the year she married Pritam Singh, an editor to whom she was engaged in early childhood, and changed her name from Amrita Kaur to Amrita Pritam.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/amrita-pritam-513564.html Amrita Pritam – Obituary] ''[[The Independent]]'', 2 November 2005.</ref> Half a dozen collections of poems were to follow between 1936 and 1943.

Though she began her journey as romantic poet, soon she shifted gears,<ref name="mod" /> and became part of the [[Progressive Writers' Movement]] and its effect was seen in her collection, ''Lok Peed'' (People's Anguish) (1944), which openly criticized the war-torn economy, after the [[Bengal famine of 1943]]. She was also involved in social work to certain extent and participated in such activities wholeheartedly, after Independence when social activist [[Guru Radha Kishan]] took the initiative to bring the first Janta Library in Delhi, which was inaugurated by Balraj Sahni and Aruna Asaf Ali and contributed to the occasion accordingly. This study centre cum library is still running at Clock Tower, Delhi. She also worked at [[Lahore]] Radio Station for a while, before the partition of India<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005%5C11%5C02%5Cstory_2-11-2005_pg3_1 Editorial] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113000641/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005%5C11%5C02%5Cstory_2-11-2005_pg3_1|date=13 November 2006}} ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)]]'', 2 November 2005.</ref>

Renowned theatre person and the director of the immortal partition movie 'Garam Hava', [[MS Sathyu]] paid a theatrical tribute to her through the rare theatrical performance 'Ek Thee Amrita'.

=== Personal life ===
In 1935, Amrita married Pritam Singh, son of a leading hosiery merchant of Lahore's Anarkali bazaar. In 1960, Amrita Pritam left her husband. She is also said to have an unrequited affection for poet [[Sahir Ludhianvi]].<ref>[http://www.upperstall.com/people/sahir-ludhianvi Sahir Biography] ''[[Upperstall.com]]''.</ref> The story of this love is depicted in her autobiography, ''Rasidi Ticket'' (Revenue Stamp). When another woman, singer [[Sudha Malhotra]] came into Sahir's life, Amrita found solace in the companionship of the renowned artist and writer Imroz. She spent the last forty years of her life with Imroz, who also designed most of her book covers and made her the subject of his several paintings. Their life together is also the subject of a book, ''Amrita Imroz: A Love Story''.<ref>[http://passionforcinema.com/amrita-preetam-imroz-a-love-story-of-a-poet-and-a-painter/ Amrita Preetam Imroz : A love Story of a Poet and a Painter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108032205/http://passionforcinema.com/amrita-preetam-imroz-a-love-story-of-a-poet-and-a-painter/|date=8 January 2010}} Passionforcinema.com, 8 August 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061105/spectrum/book4.htm Nirupama Dutt, "A Love Legend of Our Times"] ''[[Tribune]]'', 5 November 2006.</ref>

She died in her sleep on 31 October 2005 at the age of 86 in New Delhi, after a long illness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4393970.stm|title=Indian writer Amrita Pritam dies|date=31 October 2005|accessdate=1 August 2012|publisher=''[[BBC News]]''}}</ref> She was survived by her partner Imroz, daughter Kandala, son Navraj Kwatra, daughter-in-law Alka, and her grandchildren, Taurus, Noor, Aman and Shilpi. Navraj Kwatra was killed in 2012.<ref>[http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/2/20120915201209150215309207efeb3dc/Author-Amrita-Pritam%E2%80%99s-son-found-murdered-in-his-Borivali-apartment.html Author Amrita Pritam’s son found murdered in his Borivali apartment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919045349/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/2/20120915201209150215309207efeb3dc/Author-Amrita-Pritam%E2%80%99s-son-found-murdered-in-his-Borivali-apartment.html|date=19 September 2012}}</ref>

== Partition of British India ==
Some one million people, [[Muslims]], [[Hindu]]s and [[Sikhs]] died from communal violence that followed the partition of British India in 1947, and left Amrita Pritam a Punjabi refugee at age 28, when she left [[Lahore]] and moved to New Delhi. Subsequently, in 1948, while she was pregnant with her son, and travelling from [[Dehradun]] to [[Delhi]], she expressed anguish on a piece of paper<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/lr/2005/12/04/stories/2005120400040100.htm An alternative voice of history] Nonica Datta, [[The Hindu]], 4 December 2005.</ref> as the poem, "[[Ajj akhaan Waris Shah nu]]" (I ask Waris Shah Today); this poem was to later immortalise her and become the most poignant reminder of the horrors of Partition.<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2005/11/13/stories/2005111300030100.htm Juggling two lives] [[The Hindu]], 13 November 2005.</ref> The poem addressed to the Sufi poet [[Waris Shah]], author of the tragic saga of [[Heer Ranjha|Heer and Ranjah]] and with whom she shares her birthplace.<ref>[http://www.apnaorg.com/poetry/heercomp/ Complete Heer Waris Shah]</ref>

Amrita Pritam worked until 1961 in the Punjabi service of [[All India Radio]], Delhi. After her divorce in 1960, her work became more clearly feminist. Many of her stories and poems drew on the unhappy experience of her marriage. A number of her works have been translated into English, French, [[Danish language|Danish]], Japanese, Mandarin and other languages from [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]], including her autobiographical works ''Black Rose'' and ''Rasidi Ticket'' (Revenue Stamp).

The first of Amrita Pritam's books to be filmed was Dharti Sagar te Sippiyan, as ‘Kadambari’ (1965), followed by ‘Unah Di Kahani’, as ''Daaku'' ([[Dacoit]], 1976), directed by [[Basu Bhattacharya]].<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_082702a.html Jeevan Prakash Sharma, "Amrita Pritam's Novel to Be Rendered on Film", ''The Hindustan Times'' (August 27, 2002)]</ref> Her novel ''[[Pinjar (novel)|Pinjar]]'' (The Skeleton, 1970) narrates the story of partition riots along with the crisis of women who suffered during the times. It was made into an [[Filmfare Best Art Direction|award-winning]] [[Pinjar (film)|Hindi movie]] by [[Chandra Prakash Dwivedi]], because of its [[humanism]]: "Amritaji has portrayed the suffering of people of both the countries." ''Pinjar'' was shot in a border region of [[Rajasthan]] and in Punjab.

She edited "Nagmani", a monthly literary magazine in Punjabi for several years, which she ran together with Imroz, for 33 years; though after Partition she wrote prolifically in Hindi as well.<ref name="lang" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pustak.org/bs/home.php?author_name=Amrita+Pritam|title=Amrita Pritam/अमृता प्रीतम|date=|accessdate=28 March 2018|website=www.pustak.org|author=}}</ref> Later in life, she turned to [[Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh)|Osho]] and wrote introductions for several books of Osho, including ''Ek Onkar Satnam'',<ref>[http://www.sannyasworld.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=627 A tribute to Amrita Pritam by Osho lovers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716003659/http://www.sannyasworld.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=627|date=16 July 2011}} ''Sw. Chaitanya Keerti'', ''sannyasworld.com''.</ref> and also started writing on spiritual themes and dreams, producing works like ''Kaal Chetna'' (Time Consciousness) and ''Agyat Ka Nimantran'' (Call of the Unknown).<ref>[http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/arts/new-age-fiction/amritapritam.asp Visions of Divinity – Amrita Pritam] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927031242/http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/arts/new-age-fiction/amritapritam.asp|date=27 September 2008}} ''Life Positive'', April 1996.</ref> She had also published autobiographies, titled, ''Kala Gulab'' (Black Rose) (1968), ''Rasidi Ticket'' (The Revenue Stamp) (1976), and ''Aksharon kay Saayee'' (Shadows of Words).<ref name="wom">[https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&pg=PA160&dq=Amrita+Pritam&sig=ACfU3U3DLfg8nbWhHgcYV9MdIhkuzxviSQ#PPA161,M1 Amrita Pritam] ''Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the Present'', by Susie J. Tharu, Ke Lalita, published by Feminist Press, 1991. {{ISBN|1-55861-029-4}}. ''Page 160-163''.</ref><ref>[http://www.chowk.com/articles/9116 Amrita Pritam Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205105527/http://www.chowk.com/articles/9116|date=5 December 2008}} ''Chowk'', 15 May 2005.</ref>

== Acclaim ==
Amrita is the first recipient of [[Punjab Rattan Award]] conferred upon her by Punjab Chief Minister Capt. [[Amarinder Singh]]. She is first woman recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1956 for ''Sunehadey'' (poetic diminutive of the word sunehe i,e.''Messages''), Amrita Pritam received the [[Jnanpith|Bhartiya Jnanpith Award]], India's highest literary award, in 1982 for ''Kagaj te Canvas (Paper and Canvas).''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html|title=Jnanpith Laureates Official listings|publisher=[[Jnanpith]] Website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html|archivedate=13 October 2007|deadurl=yes|df=dmy}}</ref> She received the [[Padma Shri]] (1969) and [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian award, and [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]], India's highest literary award, also in 2004. She received [[D.Litt.]] honorary degrees, from many universities including, [[Delhi University]] (1973), [[Jabalpur University]] (1973) and [[Vishwa Bharati]] (1987)<ref>[http://www.punjabilok.com/poetry/amrita_pritam.htm Amrita Pritam] ''www.punjabilok.com''.</ref>

She also received International [[Nikola Vaptsarov|Vaptsarov]] Award from the Republic of [[Bulgaria]] (1979) and Degree of Officer dens, [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] (Officier) by the [[French Government]] (1987).<ref name="lang">[http://www.languageinindia.com/dec2005/amritapritamsunwani1.html Amrita Pritam, The Black Rose] by Vijay Kumar Sunwani, Language in India, Volume 5 : 12 December 2005.</ref> She was nominated as a member of [[Rajya Sabha]] 1986–92. Towards the end of her life, she was awarded by Pakistan's Punjabi Academy, to which she had remarked, ''Bade dino baad mere maike ko meri yaad aayi..'' (My motherland has remembered me after a long time); and also Punjabi poets of Pakistan, sent her a '''chaddar''', from the tombs of [[Waris Shah]], and fellow Sufi mystic poets [[Bulle Shah]] and [[Sultan Bahu]].<ref name="guar" />

=== Legacy ===
In 2007, an audio album titled, 'Amrita recited by Gulzar' was released by noted lyricist [[Gulzar (lyricist)|Gulzar]], with poems of Amrita Pritam recited by him.<ref>[http://www.gulzaronline.com/default.htm 'Amrita recited by Gulzar'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705222306/http://www.gulzaronline.com/default.htm|date=5 July 2008}} www.gulzaronline.com.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/City_Supplements/Bombay_Times/Gulzar_recites_for_Amrita_Pritam/articleshow/2008708.cms Gulzar recites for Amrita Pritam] ''[[Times of India]]'', 7 May 2007.</ref> A film on her life is also on the anvil.<ref>[http://www.realbollywood.com/news/2007/01/movie-on-amrita-pritam-to-be-shot-in-himachal.html Movie on Amrita Pritam to be shot in Himachal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709011536/http://www.realbollywood.com/news/2007/01/movie-on-amrita-pritam-to-be-shot-in-himachal.html|date=9 July 2008}} ''realbollywood.com''.</ref>

== Bibliography ==
In her career spanning over six decades, she penned 28 novels, 18 anthologies of prose, five short stories and 16 miscellaneous prose volumes.

; Novel

* ''[[Pinjar (novel)|Pinjar]]''
* ''Doctor Dev''
* ''Kore Kagaz, Unchas Din''
* ''Dharti, Sagar aur Seepian''
* ''Rang ka Patta''
* ''Dilli ki Galiyan''
* ''Terahwan Suraj''
* ''Yaatri''
* ''Jilavatan'' (1968)
* ''Hardatt Ka Zindaginama''

; Autobiography

* ''Black Rose'' (1968)
* ''Rasidi Ticket'' (1976)
* ''Shadows of Words'' (2004)

'''Short stories'''

* ''Kahaniyan jo Kahaniyan Nahi''
* ''Kahaniyon ke Angan mein''
* ''Stench of Kerosene''

; Poetry anthologies

* ''Amrit Lehran'' (Immortal Waves)(1936)
* ''Jiunda Jiwan'' (The Exuberant Life) (1939)
* ''Trel Dhote Phul'' (1942)
* ''O Gitan Valia'' (1942)
* ''Badlam De Laali'' (1943)
* ''Sanjh de laali'' (1943)
* ''Lok Peera'' (The People's Anguish) (1944)
* ''Pathar Geetey'' (The Pebbles) (1946)
* ''Punjab Di Aawaaz'' (1952)
* ''Sunehade'' (Messages) (1955) – [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]
* ''Ashoka Cheti'' (1957)
* ''Kasturi'' (1957)
* ''Nagmani'' (1964)
* ''Ik Si Anita'' (1964)
* ''Chak Nambar Chatti'' (1964)
* ''Uninja Din'' (49 Days) (1979)
* ''Kagaz Te Kanvas'' (1981)- [[Jnanpith Award|Bhartiya Jnanpith]]
* ''Chuni Huyee Kavitayen''
* ''Ek Baat''

; Literary journal

* ''Nagmani'', poetry monthly

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==

* Amrita Work in Shahmukhi http://www.apnaorg.com/poetry/amirta/
* Uma Trilok, ''Amrita Imroz: A Love Story,'' Penguin India (2006) {{ISBN|0-14-310044-0}}
* Indra Gupta, ''India’s 50 Most Illustrious Women'' {{ISBN|81-88086-19-3}}
* ''Indian Fiction in English Translation'' – ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=R8nsSokP3jUC&pg=PA35&dq=Amrita+Pritam&lr=&sig=ACfU3U23Hh05PAk_jpa50eGg_n202IaRSg#PPA29,M1 Chapt 4: Comments on Amrita Pritam's Magnum Opus: The Skeleton ''(Jagdev Singh)''], by Shubha Tiwari. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 2005. {{ISBN|81-269-0450-X}}.'' Page 28-35''[[Ajj aakhaan Waris Shah nu]]''
* ''Studies in Punjabi Poetry. Chapt. 9- Amrita Pritam: The Poetry of Protest'', by Darshan Singh Maini. Vikas Pub., 1979. {{ISBN|0-7069-0709-4}}. ''Page 109''.
* [http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/amrita-biography/ 1st chapter of ''Revenue Stamp'' by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/bodypolitic/amritapritam.html "The Cellar" by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/belonging/amrita.html “Sahiban in Exile” by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/02/07/d402072101111.htm "The Weed" by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/jan-feb01/amrita.html "Wild Flower" by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/ghosts/amritapritam.html ''Main Tenu Phir Milangi'', (I will meet you yet again) Translation]

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Amrita Pritam}}

* '''[http://www.gadyakosh.org/gk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE Amrita Pritam at Gadya Kosh] (her prose work in Devanagari script)'''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050225205939/http://sawnet.org/books/authors.php?Pritam+Amrita Amrita Pritam and her Works at ''South Asian Women's Network'' (Sawnet)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080618100709/http://www.razarumi.com/2008/06/09/amrita-pritam-1919-2005/ Amrita Pritam 1919-2005-a tribute by Raza Rumi]
* [http://www.geocities.com/kavitayan/amritapritam.html Poems by Amrita Pritam at ''Kavitayan''] ([https://www.webcitation.org/5knHOg0LT?url=http://www.geocities.com/kavitayan/amritapritam.html Archived] 2009-10-25)

; Video links

* {{YouTube|gvgSY81gVMM|''Aj Waris Shah Nu'', Amrita Pritam's most important poem, recited by Gulzar}}
* {{YouTube|um6QOvOPol4|Amrita Pritam's poem ''Main Tainu Pir Milangi'' recited by Gulzar}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}} {{SahityaAkademiFellowship}} {{Jnanpith Award}}{{Authority control}}


==రచనలు==
==రచనలు==

* ఈమె రచనలలో ప్రముఖమైనది [[1950]]లో రాసిన [[పింజర్]]. ఈ నవలను [[ఊర్మిళా మందోద్కర్]] నాయకి గా [[హిందీ భాష|హిందీ]]<nowiki/>లో తెరకెక్కించారు. ఈ సినిమా పలు జాతీయ పురస్కారాలు పొందినది.
* ఈమె రచనలలో ప్రముఖమైనది [[1950]]లో రాసిన [[పింజర్]]. ఈ నవలను [[ఊర్మిళా మందోద్కర్]] నాయకి గా [[హిందీ భాష|హిందీ]]<nowiki/>లో తెరకెక్కించారు. ఈ సినిమా పలు జాతీయ పురస్కారాలు పొందినది.


01:39, 10 మే 2018 నాటి కూర్పు

అమృతా ప్రీతం
పుట్టిన తేదీ, స్థలం(1919-08-31)1919 ఆగస్టు 31
గుజ్రాన్‌వాలా, పంజాబ్ ప్రస్తుత పాకిస్తాన్ లోని రాష్ట్రము
మరణం2005 అక్టోబరు 31(2005-10-31) (వయసు 86)
ఢిల్లీ, భారత్
వృత్తినవలా రచయిత, కవయిత్రి, వ్యాస రచయిత
జాతీయతభారతీయురాలు
కాలం1936–2004
రచనా రంగంకవిత్వము , గద్య కావ్యము, జీవిత కథ
విషయంభారతదేశ విభజన, మహిళకు, కల
సాహిత్య ఉద్యమంమోహము-ప్రగతివాదం
గుర్తింపునిచ్చిన రచనలుపింజర్ (నవల)
Aj Akhan Waris Shah Nu (poem)
Suneray (poem)

అమృతా ప్రీతం భారతదేశపు సుప్రసిద్ద రచయిత్రి. పంజాబీ భాషలో రచనలు చేసిన మొదటి మహిళా రచయిత్రిగా కొనియాడబడింది. దాదాపు వందకు పైగా రచనలు చేసింది.

Amrita Pritam audio speaker iconlisten (help·info) (31 August 1919 – 31 October 2005) was an Indian writer and poet, who wrote in Punjabi and Hindi.[1] She is considered the first prominent woman Punjabi poet, novelist, and essayist, and the leading 20th-century poet of the Punjabi language, who is equally loved on both sides of the India-Pakistan border. With a career spanning over six decades, she produced over 100 books of poetry, fiction, biographies, essays, a collection of Punjabi folk songs and an autobiography that were translated into several Indian and foreign languages.[2][3]

She is most remembered for her poignant poem, Ajj aakhaan Waris Shah nu (Today I invoke Waris Shah – "Ode to Waris Shah"), an elegy to the 18th-century Punjabi poet, an expression of her anguish over massacres during the partition of India. As a novelist, her most noted work was Pinjar (The Cage) (1950), in which she created her memorable character, Puro, an epitome of violence against women, loss of humanity and ultimate surrender to existential fate; the novel was made into an award-winning film, Pinjar in 2003.[4][5]

When the former British India was partitioned into the independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947, she migrated from Lahore, to India, though she remained equally popular in Pakistan throughout her life, as compared to her contemporaries like Mohan Singh and Shiv Kumar Batalvi.

Known as the most important voice for the women in Punjabi literature, in 1956, she became the first woman to win the Sahitya Akademi Award for her magnum opus, a long poem, Sunehade (Messages),[6] later she received the Bharatiya Jnanpith, one of India's highest literary awards, in 1982 for Kagaz Te Canvas (The Paper and the Canvas). The Padma Shri came her way in 1969 and finally, Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, in 2004, and in the same year she was honoured with India's highest literary award, given by the Sahitya Akademi (India's Academy of Letters), the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship given to the "immortals of literature" for lifetime achievement.[7]

Biography

Background

Amrita Pritam was born as Amrit Kaur in 1919 in Gujranwala, Punjab, in present-day Pakistan,[2] the only child of a school teacher, a poet and a scholar of Braj Bhasha, Kartar Singh Hitkari, who also edited a literary journal.[8][9] Besides this, he was a pracharak – a preacher of the Sikh faith.[10] Amrita's mother died when she was eleven. Soon after, she and her father moved to Lahore, where she lived till her migration to India in 1947. Confronting adult responsibilities, and besieged by loneliness following her mother's death, she began to write at an early age. Her first anthology of poems, Amrit Lehran (Immortal Waves) was published in 1936, at age sixteen, the year she married Pritam Singh, an editor to whom she was engaged in early childhood, and changed her name from Amrita Kaur to Amrita Pritam.[11] Half a dozen collections of poems were to follow between 1936 and 1943.

Though she began her journey as romantic poet, soon she shifted gears,[6] and became part of the Progressive Writers' Movement and its effect was seen in her collection, Lok Peed (People's Anguish) (1944), which openly criticized the war-torn economy, after the Bengal famine of 1943. She was also involved in social work to certain extent and participated in such activities wholeheartedly, after Independence when social activist Guru Radha Kishan took the initiative to bring the first Janta Library in Delhi, which was inaugurated by Balraj Sahni and Aruna Asaf Ali and contributed to the occasion accordingly. This study centre cum library is still running at Clock Tower, Delhi. She also worked at Lahore Radio Station for a while, before the partition of India[12]

Renowned theatre person and the director of the immortal partition movie 'Garam Hava', MS Sathyu paid a theatrical tribute to her through the rare theatrical performance 'Ek Thee Amrita'.

Personal life

In 1935, Amrita married Pritam Singh, son of a leading hosiery merchant of Lahore's Anarkali bazaar. In 1960, Amrita Pritam left her husband. She is also said to have an unrequited affection for poet Sahir Ludhianvi.[13] The story of this love is depicted in her autobiography, Rasidi Ticket (Revenue Stamp). When another woman, singer Sudha Malhotra came into Sahir's life, Amrita found solace in the companionship of the renowned artist and writer Imroz. She spent the last forty years of her life with Imroz, who also designed most of her book covers and made her the subject of his several paintings. Their life together is also the subject of a book, Amrita Imroz: A Love Story.[14][15]

She died in her sleep on 31 October 2005 at the age of 86 in New Delhi, after a long illness.[16] She was survived by her partner Imroz, daughter Kandala, son Navraj Kwatra, daughter-in-law Alka, and her grandchildren, Taurus, Noor, Aman and Shilpi. Navraj Kwatra was killed in 2012.[17]

Partition of British India

Some one million people, Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs died from communal violence that followed the partition of British India in 1947, and left Amrita Pritam a Punjabi refugee at age 28, when she left Lahore and moved to New Delhi. Subsequently, in 1948, while she was pregnant with her son, and travelling from Dehradun to Delhi, she expressed anguish on a piece of paper[18] as the poem, "Ajj akhaan Waris Shah nu" (I ask Waris Shah Today); this poem was to later immortalise her and become the most poignant reminder of the horrors of Partition.[19] The poem addressed to the Sufi poet Waris Shah, author of the tragic saga of Heer and Ranjah and with whom she shares her birthplace.[20]

Amrita Pritam worked until 1961 in the Punjabi service of All India Radio, Delhi. After her divorce in 1960, her work became more clearly feminist. Many of her stories and poems drew on the unhappy experience of her marriage. A number of her works have been translated into English, French, Danish, Japanese, Mandarin and other languages from Punjabi and Urdu, including her autobiographical works Black Rose and Rasidi Ticket (Revenue Stamp).

The first of Amrita Pritam's books to be filmed was Dharti Sagar te Sippiyan, as ‘Kadambari’ (1965), followed by ‘Unah Di Kahani’, as Daaku (Dacoit, 1976), directed by Basu Bhattacharya.[21] Her novel Pinjar (The Skeleton, 1970) narrates the story of partition riots along with the crisis of women who suffered during the times. It was made into an award-winning Hindi movie by Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, because of its humanism: "Amritaji has portrayed the suffering of people of both the countries." Pinjar was shot in a border region of Rajasthan and in Punjab.

She edited "Nagmani", a monthly literary magazine in Punjabi for several years, which she ran together with Imroz, for 33 years; though after Partition she wrote prolifically in Hindi as well.[1][22] Later in life, she turned to Osho and wrote introductions for several books of Osho, including Ek Onkar Satnam,[23] and also started writing on spiritual themes and dreams, producing works like Kaal Chetna (Time Consciousness) and Agyat Ka Nimantran (Call of the Unknown).[24] She had also published autobiographies, titled, Kala Gulab (Black Rose) (1968), Rasidi Ticket (The Revenue Stamp) (1976), and Aksharon kay Saayee (Shadows of Words).[8][25]

Acclaim

Amrita is the first recipient of Punjab Rattan Award conferred upon her by Punjab Chief Minister Capt. Amarinder Singh. She is first woman recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1956 for Sunehadey (poetic diminutive of the word sunehe i,e.Messages), Amrita Pritam received the Bhartiya Jnanpith Award, India's highest literary award, in 1982 for Kagaj te Canvas (Paper and Canvas).[26] She received the Padma Shri (1969) and Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, and Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, India's highest literary award, also in 2004. She received D.Litt. honorary degrees, from many universities including, Delhi University (1973), Jabalpur University (1973) and Vishwa Bharati (1987)[27]

She also received International Vaptsarov Award from the Republic of Bulgaria (1979) and Degree of Officer dens, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Officier) by the French Government (1987).[1] She was nominated as a member of Rajya Sabha 1986–92. Towards the end of her life, she was awarded by Pakistan's Punjabi Academy, to which she had remarked, Bade dino baad mere maike ko meri yaad aayi.. (My motherland has remembered me after a long time); and also Punjabi poets of Pakistan, sent her a chaddar, from the tombs of Waris Shah, and fellow Sufi mystic poets Bulle Shah and Sultan Bahu.[2]

Legacy

In 2007, an audio album titled, 'Amrita recited by Gulzar' was released by noted lyricist Gulzar, with poems of Amrita Pritam recited by him.[28][29] A film on her life is also on the anvil.[30]

Bibliography

In her career spanning over six decades, she penned 28 novels, 18 anthologies of prose, five short stories and 16 miscellaneous prose volumes.

Novel
  • Pinjar
  • Doctor Dev
  • Kore Kagaz, Unchas Din
  • Dharti, Sagar aur Seepian
  • Rang ka Patta
  • Dilli ki Galiyan
  • Terahwan Suraj
  • Yaatri
  • Jilavatan (1968)
  • Hardatt Ka Zindaginama
Autobiography
  • Black Rose (1968)
  • Rasidi Ticket (1976)
  • Shadows of Words (2004)

Short stories

  • Kahaniyan jo Kahaniyan Nahi
  • Kahaniyon ke Angan mein
  • Stench of Kerosene
Poetry anthologies
  • Amrit Lehran (Immortal Waves)(1936)
  • Jiunda Jiwan (The Exuberant Life) (1939)
  • Trel Dhote Phul (1942)
  • O Gitan Valia (1942)
  • Badlam De Laali (1943)
  • Sanjh de laali (1943)
  • Lok Peera (The People's Anguish) (1944)
  • Pathar Geetey (The Pebbles) (1946)
  • Punjab Di Aawaaz (1952)
  • Sunehade (Messages) (1955) – Sahitya Akademi Award
  • Ashoka Cheti (1957)
  • Kasturi (1957)
  • Nagmani (1964)
  • Ik Si Anita (1964)
  • Chak Nambar Chatti (1964)
  • Uninja Din (49 Days) (1979)
  • Kagaz Te Kanvas (1981)- Bhartiya Jnanpith
  • Chuni Huyee Kavitayen
  • Ek Baat
Literary journal
  • Nagmani, poetry monthly

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Amrita Pritam, The Black Rose by Vijay Kumar Sunwani, Language in India, Volume 5 : 12 December 2005.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Amrita Pritam – Obituary The Guardian, 4 November 2005.
  3. ↑ Amrita Pritam: A great wordsmith in Punjab’s literary history Archived 19 జూన్ 2006 at the Wayback Machine Daily Times (Pakistan), 14 November 2005.
  4. ↑ Always Amrita, Always Pritam Gulzar Singh Sandhu on the Grand Dame of Punjabi letters, The Tribune, 5 November 2005.
  5. ↑ ఇంటర్నెట్ మూవీ డేటాబేసు లో Pinjar
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Amrita Pritam Modern Indian Literature: an Anthology, by K. M. George, Sahitya Akademi. 1992, ISBN 81-7201-324-8.945–947.
  7. ↑ Sahitya Akademi fellowship for Amrita Pritam, Anantha Murthy The Hindu, 5 October 2004.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Amrita Pritam Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the Present, by Susie J. Tharu, Ke Lalita, published by Feminist Press, 1991. ISBN 1-55861-029-4. Page 160-163.
  9. ↑ New Panjabi Poetry ( 1935–47) Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India, by Nalini Natarajan, Emmanuel Sampath Nelson, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. ISBN 0-313-28778-3.Page 253-254.
  10. ↑ Kushwant Singh, "Amrita Pritam: Queen of Punjabi Literature", The Sikh Times
  11. ↑ Amrita Pritam – Obituary The Independent, 2 November 2005.
  12. ↑ Editorial Archived 13 నవంబరు 2006 at the Wayback Machine Daily Times (Pakistan), 2 November 2005.
  13. ↑ Sahir Biography Upperstall.com.
  14. ↑ Amrita Preetam Imroz : A love Story of a Poet and a Painter Archived 8 జనవరి 2010 at the Wayback Machine Passionforcinema.com, 8 August 2008.
  15. ↑ Nirupama Dutt, "A Love Legend of Our Times" Tribune, 5 November 2006.
  16. ↑ "Indian writer Amrita Pritam dies". BBC News. 31 October 2005. Retrieved 1 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ↑ Author Amrita Pritam’s son found murdered in his Borivali apartment Archived 19 సెప్టెంబరు 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ An alternative voice of history Nonica Datta, The Hindu, 4 December 2005.
  19. ↑ Juggling two lives The Hindu, 13 November 2005.
  20. ↑ Complete Heer Waris Shah
  21. ↑ Jeevan Prakash Sharma, "Amrita Pritam's Novel to Be Rendered on Film", The Hindustan Times (August 27, 2002)
  22. ↑ "Amrita Pritam/अमृता प्रीतम". www.pustak.org. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  23. ↑ A tribute to Amrita Pritam by Osho lovers Archived 16 జూలై 2011 at the Wayback Machine Sw. Chaitanya Keerti, sannyasworld.com.
  24. ↑ Visions of Divinity – Amrita Pritam Archived 27 సెప్టెంబరు 2008 at the Wayback Machine Life Positive, April 1996.
  25. ↑ Amrita Pritam Biography Archived 5 డిసెంబరు 2008 at the Wayback Machine Chowk, 15 May 2005.
  26. ↑ "Jnanpith Laureates Official listings". Jnanpith Website. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  27. ↑ Amrita Pritam www.punjabilok.com.
  28. ↑ 'Amrita recited by Gulzar' Archived 5 జూలై 2008 at the Wayback Machine www.gulzaronline.com.
  29. ↑ Gulzar recites for Amrita Pritam Times of India, 7 May 2007.
  30. ↑ Movie on Amrita Pritam to be shot in Himachal Archived 9 జూలై 2008 at the Wayback Machine realbollywood.com.

Further reading

వికీమీడియా కామన్స్‌లో Amrita Pritamకి సంబంధించి దస్త్రాలు ఉన్నాయి.
Video links

మూస:Padma Vibhushan Awards మూస:SahityaAkademiFellowship మూస:Jnanpith Award

రచనలు

పురస్కారాలు, సత్కారాలు

  • రాజ్యసభ సభ్యురాలుగా రెండు పర్యాయాలు 1986, 1992 సంవత్సరాలలో నామినేట్ చేయబడింది[1]
  • భారతదేశంలో అత్యున్నత సాహితీ పురస్కారమైన జ్ఞానపీఠ పురస్కారమును పొందిన మొదటి మహిళా రచయిత ఈవిడ.
  • భారత ప్రభుత్వం నుండి 1969 లో పద్మశ్రీ బిరుదం పొందారు
  • 2004 లో భారత రెండవ అత్యున్నత పురస్కారమైన పద్మవిభూషణ్ ను అందుకుంది.

బయటి లంకెలు

వికీమీడియా కామన్స్‌లో Amrita Pritamకి సంబంధించి దస్త్రాలు ఉన్నాయి.
Video links
  1. ↑ http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/alphabeticallist_all_terms.aspx
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