దేశాల జాబితా – సంతానోత్పత్తి క్రమంలో
ఐక్యరాజ్య సమితి TFR ర్యాంకింగు[మార్చు]
ఐక్యరాజ్య సమితి TFR ర్యాంకింగు దేశాల వారీగాసంతానోత్పత్తి వయస్సు లో ఉన్న స్త్రీ కి కలిగే సంతానము గురించిన సమగ్రమైన జాబితా లో గల ఆయా దేశాలకు ఇవ్వబడిన ర్యాంకింగు. ఐక్యరాజ్య సమితి ప్రపంచ జనాభా ప్రోస్పేక్ట్స్ రిపోర్ట్ 2006 రి|| నుంచి క్రింది సంఖ్యలు తీసికొనబడినవి. Figures are from the 2006 revision of the United Nations World Population Prospects report, for the period 2000-2005 and 2005-2010, using the medium assumption.[1] Only countries/territories with a population of 100,000 or more in 2007 are included. Rank is based on 2005-2010 figure.
The UN raniking is sourced from the United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision – Table A.15.
UN Ranking | Country | Fertility rate (2000-2005) (births/woman) |
Fertility rate (2005-2010) (births/woman) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
7.45 | 7.19 |
2 | ![]() |
7.10 | 7.07 |
3 | ![]() |
7.48 | 7.07 |
4 | ![]() |
6.80 | 6.80 |
5 | ![]() |
6.80 | 6.77 |
6 | ![]() |
6.70 | 6.70 |
7 | ![]() |
6.96 | 6.53 |
8 | ![]() |
6.70 | 6.52 |
9 | ![]() |
6.50 | 6.47 |
10 | ![]() |
6.75 | 6.46 |
11 | ![]() |
6.75 | 6.43 |
12 | ![]() |
6.54 | 6.20 |
13 | ![]() |
6.43 | 6.04 |
14 | ![]() |
6.36 | 6.00 |
15 | ![]() |
6.01 | 5.92 |
16 | ![]() |
6.03 | 5.59 |
17 | ![]() |
6.02 | 5.50 |
18 | ![]() |
5.84 | 5.44 |
19 | ![]() |
5.87 | 5.42 |
20 | ![]() |
5.64 | 5.36 |
21 | ![]() |
5.85 | 5.32 |
22 | ![]() |
5.78 | 5.29 |
23 | ![]() |
5.65 | 5.18 |
24 | ![]() |
5.66 | 5.16 |
25 | ![]() |
5.52 | 5.11 |
26 | ![]() |
5.63 | 5.09 |
27 | ![]() |
5.53 | 5.05 |
28 | ![]() |
5.00 | 4.96 |
29 | ![]() |
5.37 | 4.80 |
30 | ![]() |
5.28 | 4.78 |
31 | ![]() |
5.16 | 4.70 |
32 | ![]() |
5.22 | 4.69 |
33 | ![]() |
4.96 | 4.58 |
34 | ![]() |
4.78 | 4.49 |
35 | ![]() |
5.06 | 4.46 |
36 | ![]() |
4.83 | 4.37 |
37 | ![]() |
4.92 | 4.31 |
38 | ![]() |
4.89 | 4.30 |
39 | ![]() |
4.86 | 4.26 |
40 | ![]() |
4.82 | 4.23 |
41 | ![]() |
4.60 | 4.15 |
42 | ![]() |
4.52 | 3.95 |
43 | ![]() |
4.42 | 3.93 |
44 | ![]() |
4.36 | 3.87 |
45 | ![]() |
4.34 | 3.85 |
46 | ![]() |
4.39 | 3.84 |
47 | ![]() |
3.73 | 3.83 |
48 | ![]() |
4.32 | 3.78 |
49 | ![]() |
4.15 | 3.74 |
50 | ![]() |
4.23 | 3.71 |
51 | ![]() |
4.00 | 3.54 |
52 | ![]() |
3.99 | 3.52 |
53 | ![]() |
3.96 | 3.50 |
54 | ![]() |
3.91 | 3.45 |
55 | ![]() |
3.79 | 3.37 |
56 | ![]() |
3.77 | 3.37 |
57 | ![]() |
3.81 | 3.35 |
58 | ![]() |
3.81 | 3.35 |
59 | ![]() |
3.72 | 3.31 |
60 | ![]() |
3.68 | 3.28 |
61 | ![]() |
3.67 | 3.27 |
62 | ![]() |
3.54 | 3.23 |
63 | ![]() |
3.59 | 3.21 |
64 | ![]() |
3.58 | 3.19 |
65 | ![]() |
3.56 | 3.19 |
66 | ![]() |
3.64 | 3.18 |
67 | ![]() |
3.53 | 3.13 |
68 | ![]() |
3.48 | 3.08 |
69 | ![]() |
3.48 | 3.08 |
70 | ![]() |
3.39 | 3.06 |
71 | ![]() |
3.70 | 3.00 |
72 | ![]() |
3.35 | 2.93 |
73 | ![]() |
3.18 | 2.90 |
74 | ![]() |
3.17 | 2.89 |
75 | ![]() |
3.22 | 2.83 |
76 | ![]() |
2.95 | 2.81 |
77 | ![]() |
3.11 | 2.81 |
78 | ![]() |
3.00 | 2.76 |
79 | ![]() |
2.98 | 2.75 |
80 | ![]() |
2.91 | 2.75 |
81 | ![]() |
3.03 | 2.72 |
82 | ![]() |
3.01 | 2.70 |
83 | ![]() |
2.88 | 2.68 |
84 | ![]() |
2.93 | 2.66 |
85 | ![]() |
2.80 | 2.64 |
86 | ![]() |
2.81 | 2.63 |
87 | ![]() |
2.87 | 2.60 |
88 | ![]() |
2.82 | 2.58 |
89 | ![]() |
2.70 | 2.56 |
World | 2.65 | 2.55 | |
90 | ![]() |
2.72 | 2.55 |
91 | ![]() |
2.74 | 2.54 |
92 | ![]() |
2.70 | 2.51 |
93 | ![]() |
2.76 | 2.50 |
94 | ![]() |
2.74 | 2.49 |
95 | ![]() |
2.50 | 2.48 |
96 | ![]() |
2.63 | 2.43 |
97 | ![]() |
2.60 | 2.42 |
98 | ![]() |
2.53 | 2.38 |
99 | ![]() |
2.52 | 2.38 |
100 | ![]() |
2.46 | 2.36 |
101 | ![]() |
2.43 | 2.33 |
102 | ![]() |
2.01 | 2.31 |
103 | ![]() |
2.52 | 2.31 |
104 | ![]() |
2.43 | 2.30 |
105 | ![]() |
2.50 | 2.29 |
106 | ![]() |
2.51 | 2.29 |
107 | ![]() |
2.39 | 2.26 |
108 | ![]() |
2.35 | 2.25 |
109 | ![]() |
2.35 | 2.25 |
110 | ![]() |
2.47 | 2.22 |
111 | ![]() |
2.40 | 2.21 |
112 | ![]() |
2.32 | 2.21 |
113 | ![]() |
2.30 | 2.19 |
114 | ![]() |
2.91 | 2.19 |
115 | ![]() |
2.30 | 2.18 |
116 | ![]() |
2.24 | 2.18 |
117 | ![]() |
2.38 | 2.18 |
118 | ![]() |
2.23 | 2.15 |
119 | ![]() |
2.23 | 2.14 |
120 | ![]() |
2.32 | 2.14 |
121 | ![]() |
2.20 | 2.12 |
122 | ![]() |
2.06 | 2.11 |
123 | ![]() |
2.28 | 2.10 |
124 | ![]() |
2.23 | 2.08 |
125 | ![]() |
2.25 | 2.07 |
126 | ![]() |
2.25 | 2.06 |
127 | ![]() |
2.04 | 2.05 |
128 | ![]() |
1.99 | 2.05 |
129 | ![]() |
2.12 | 2.04 |
130 | ![]() |
2.12 | 2.04 |
131 | ![]() |
2.11 | 2.02 |
132 | ![]() |
1.96 | 1.99 |
133 | ![]() |
1.97 | 1.96 |
134 | ![]() |
2.00 | 1.94 |
135 | ![]() |
2.04 | 1.93 |
136 | ![]() |
1.98 | 1.91 |
137 | ![]() |
1.88 | 1.89 |
138 | ![]() |
2.02 | 1.88 |
139 | ![]() |
2.07 | 1.87 |
140 | ![]() |
1.91 | 1.86 |
141 | ![]() |
2.06 | 1.85 |
142 | ![]() |
1.92 | 1.85 |
143 | ![]() |
1.83 | 1.85 |
144 | ![]() |
1.80 | 1.85 |
145 | ![]() |
1.83 | 1.83 |
146 | ![]() |
1.84 | 1.83 |
147 | ![]() |
1.75 | 1.83 |
148 | ![]() |
1.70 | 1.82 |
149 | ![]() |
1.67 | 1.82 |
150 | ![]() |
1.76 | 1.80 |
151 | ![]() |
1.67 | 1.80 |
152 | ![]() |
1.75 | 1.79 |
153 | ![]() |
1.76 | 1.79 |
154 | ![]() |
1.70 | 1.73 |
155 | ![]() |
1.73 | 1.72 |
156 | ![]() |
1.67 | 1.66 |
157 | ![]() |
1.64 | 1.65 |
158 | ![]() |
1.61 | 1.64 |
159 | ![]() |
1.63 | 1.61 |
160 | ![]() |
1.52 | 1.53 |
161 | ![]() |
1.50 | 1.50 |
162 | ![]() |
1.63 | 1.49 |
163 | ![]() |
1.39 | 1.49 |
164 | ![]() |
1.45 | 1.46 |
165 | ![]() |
1.56 | 1.43 |
166 | ![]() |
1.42 | 1.42 |
167 | Channel Islands (![]() ![]() |
1.41 | 1.42 |
168 | ![]() |
1.38 | 1.42 |
169 | ![]() |
1.29 | 1.41 |
170 | ![]() |
1.48 | 1.41 |
171 | ![]() |
1.50 | 1.40 |
172 | ![]() |
1.35 | 1.39 |
173 | ![]() |
1.29 | 1.38 |
174 | ![]() |
1.46 | 1.37 |
175 | ![]() |
1.35 | 1.36 |
176 | ![]() |
1.35 | 1.35 |
177 | ![]() |
1.30 | 1.34 |
178 | ![]() |
1.38 | 1.33 |
179 | ![]() |
1.26 | 1.31 |
180 | ![]() |
1.29 | 1.30 |
181 | ![]() |
1.25 | 1.29 |
182 | ![]() |
1.30 | 1.28 |
183 | ![]() |
1.23 | 1.28 |
184 | ![]() |
1.29 | 1.27 |
185 | ![]() |
1.28 | 1.26 |
186 | ![]() |
1.35 | 1.26 |
187 | ![]() |
1.22 | 1.25 |
188 | ![]() |
1.18 | 1.24 |
189 | ![]() |
1.28 | 1.23 |
190 | ![]() |
1.25 | 1.23 |
191 | ![]() |
1.15 | 1.22 |
192 | ![]() |
1.24 | 1.21 |
193 | ![]() |
1.24 | 1.20 |
194 | ![]() |
0.94 | 0.97 |
195 | ![]() |
0.84 | 0.91 |
- Source: United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision – Table A.15
The CIA TFR Ranking[మార్చు]
The CIA TFR Ranking is a list of countries by total fertility rate (TFR): the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years, based on 2008 age-specific fertility rate data. Sovereign states are ranked. Some countries might not be listed because they are not fully recognized as countries at the time of this census.
The CIA is sourced from the The CIA World Factbook Archived 2009-10-28 at the Wayback Machine.
CIA Ranking | Country | Fertility rate in 2000 (births/woman) |
Fertility rate in 2008 (births/woman) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
6.89 | 7.34 |
2 | ![]() |
7.16 | 7.29 |
3 | ![]() |
6.96 | 6.81 |
4 | ![]() |
7.18 | 6.60 |
5 | ![]() |
5.87 | 6.58 |
6 | ![]() |
7.05 | 6.41 |
7 | ![]() |
6.25 | 6.40 |
8 | ![]() |
6.44 | 6.34 |
9 | ![]() |
6.92 | 6.28 |
10 | ![]() |
6.52 | 6.20 |
11 | ![]() |
7.07 | 6.17 |
12 | ![]() |
6.08 | 5.95 |
13 | ![]() |
5.06 | 5.92 |
14 | ![]() |
6.43 | 5.87 |
15 | ![]() |
6.92 | 5.69 |
16 | ![]() |
- | 5.69 |
17 | ![]() |
5.33 | 5.67 |
18 | ![]() |
6.08 | 5.62 |
19 | ![]() |
6.33 | 5.60 |
20 | ![]() |
6.32 | 5.58 |
21 | ![]() |
6.63 | 5.43 |
22 | ![]() |
6.08 | 5.43 |
23 | ![]() |
5.07 | 5.31 |
24 | ![]() |
5.46 | 5.25 |
25 | ![]() |
4.93 | 5.24 |
26 | ![]() |
5.62 | 5.23 |
27 | ![]() |
6.55 | 5.19 |
28 | ![]() |
5.84 | 5.19 |
29 | ![]() |
4.94 | 5.16 |
30 | ![]() |
5.80 | 5.14 |
31 | ![]() |
5.76 | 5.13 |
32 | ![]() |
5.66 | 5.01 |
33 | ![]() |
5.38 | 4.90 |
34 | ![]() |
5.21 | 4.86 |
35 | ![]() |
5.50 | 4.85 |
36 | ![]() |
5.93 | 4.84 |
37 | ![]() |
4.50 | 4.79 |
38 | ![]() |
5.27 | 4.72 |
39 | ![]() |
3.66 | 4.70 |
40 | ![]() |
3.73 | 4.68 |
41 | ![]() |
5.51 | 4.62 |
42 | ![]() |
5.47 | 4.58 |
43 | ![]() |
5.21 | 4.50 |
44 | ![]() |
4.88 | 4.41 |
45 | ![]() |
4.95 | 4.23 |
46 | ![]() |
5.80 | 4.23 |
47 | ![]() |
3.50 | 4.18 |
48 | ![]() |
4.40 | 4.08 |
49 | ![]() |
4.87 | 3.97 |
50 | ![]() |
4.68 | 3.91 |
51 | ![]() |
6.30 | 3.89 |
52 | ![]() |
4.16 | 3.80 |
53 | ![]() |
3.95 | 3.78 |
54 | ![]() |
4.56 | 3.73 |
55 | ![]() |
3.34 | 3.72 |
56 | ![]() |
4.38 | 3.71 |
57 | ![]() |
6.61 | 3.68 |
58 | ![]() |
4.80 | 3.65 |
59 | ![]() |
4.66 | 3.59 |
60 | ![]() |
4.14 | 3.44 |
61 | ![]() |
4.26 | 3.38 |
62 | ![]() |
- | 3.36 |
![]() |
3.89[2] | 3.46 (in 2004)[2] | |
63 | ![]() |
3.60 | 3.35 |
64 | ![]() |
5.87 | 3.34 |
65 | ![]() |
3.48 | 3.32 |
66 | ![]() |
5.02 | 3.31 |
67 | ![]() |
4.06 | 3.21 |
68 | ![]() |
4.19 | 3.17 |
69 | ![]() |
3.71 | 3.15 |
70 | ![]() |
4.15 | 3.13 |
71 | ![]() |
2.85 | 3.08 |
72 | ![]() |
4.82 | 3.08 |
73 | ![]() |
3.63 | 3.07 |
74 | ![]() |
3.38 | 3.04 |
75 | ![]() |
4.35 | 3.04 |
76 | ![]() |
3.83 | 2.98 |
77 | ![]() |
3.29 | 2.98 |
78 | ![]() |
3.25 | 2.98 |
79 | ![]() |
3.71 | 2.94 |
80 | ![]() |
3.11 | 2.94 |
81 | ![]() |
3.26 | 2.81 |
82 | ![]() |
4.89 | 2.81 |
83 | ![]() |
3.00 | 2.78 |
84 | ![]() |
2.92 | 2.77 |
85 | ![]() |
3.11 | 2.76 |
86 | ![]() |
3.15 | 2.72 |
87 | ![]() |
2.89 | 2.68 |
88 | ![]() |
3.66 | 2.67 |
89 | ![]() |
3.22 | 2.67 |
90 | ![]() |
3.80 | 2.66 |
91 | ![]() |
3.27 | 2.63 |
92 | World | 2.80 | 2.61 |
93 | ![]() |
3.18 | 2.59 |
94 | ![]() |
3.13 | 2.57 |
95 | ![]() |
3.29 | 2.57 |
96 | ![]() |
2.32 | 2.57 |
97 | ![]() |
3.96 | 2.55 |
98 | ![]() |
2.82 | 2.53 |
99 | ![]() |
2.51 | 2.52 |
100 | ![]() |
3.20 | 2.50 |
101 | ![]() |
2.69 | 2.49 |
102 | ![]() |
5.13 | 2.48 |
103 | ![]() |
3.44 | 2.47 |
104 | ![]() |
3.25 | 2.47 |
105 | ![]() ![]() |
2.32 | 2.45 |
106 | ![]() |
2.47 | 2.45 |
107 | ![]() |
3.29 | 2.43 |
108 | ![]() |
2.47 | 2.43 |
109 | ![]() |
3.04 | 2.42 |
110 | ![]() |
2.47 | 2.37 |
![]() |
2.47[2] | 2.42 (in 2005)[3] | |
111 | ![]() |
2.67 | 2.37 |
112 | ![]() |
2.61 | 2.34 |
113 | ![]() |
2.11 | 2.30 |
114 | ![]() |
2.43 | 2.28 |
115 | ![]() |
2.42 | 2.27 |
116 | ![]() |
2.40 | 2.24 |
![]() |
2.24[2] | 2.26 (in 2004)[2] | |
117 | ![]() |
2.13 | 2.22 |
118 | ![]() ![]() |
2.45 | 2.22 |
119 | ![]() |
2.59[4] | 2.21 |
120 | ![]() |
2.52 | 2.17 |
121 | ![]() |
2.33 | 2.13 |
122 | ![]() |
1.80 | 2.11 |
123 | ![]() |
2.05 | 2.10 |
124 | ![]() |
2.06 | 2.10 |
125 | ![]() |
1.92 | 2.08 |
126 | ![]() |
2.19 | 2.05 |
127 | ![]() |
2.11 | 2.03 |
128 | ![]() |
2.37 | 2.02 |
129 | ![]() |
1.98 | 2.02 |
130 | ![]() |
2.50 | 2.01 |
131 | ![]() |
3.09 | 2.01 |
132 | ![]() |
2.30 | 2.00 |
133 | ![]() |
- | 1.98 |
134 | ![]() |
2.14 | 1.98 |
135 | ![]() |
2.09 | 1.98 |
136 | ![]() |
5.62 | 1.97 |
137 | ![]() |
2.20 | 1.95 |
138 | ![]() |
2.58[5] | 1.95 or 2.20[5] |
139 | ![]() |
2.47 | 1.94 |
140 | ![]() |
2.37 | 1.94 |
141 | ![]() |
2.37 | 1.92 |
142 | ![]() |
2.08 | 1.91 |
143 | ![]() |
2.05 | 1.89 |
144 | ![]() |
1.68 | 1.88 |
145 | ![]() |
2.03 | 1.88 |
146 | ![]() |
2.27 | 1.88 |
147 | ![]() |
2.08 | 1.87 |
148 | ![]() |
2.16 | 1.87 |
149 | ![]() |
2.42 | 1.86 |
150 | ![]() |
2.53 | 1.86 |
![]() |
1.98[2] | 1.88 (in 2004)[2] | |
151 | ![]() |
1.80 | 1.85 |
152 | ![]() |
1.91 | 1.85 |
153 | ![]() |
2.02 | 1.83 |
154 | ![]() |
2.80 | 1.82 |
155 | ![]() |
1.95 | 1.79 |
156 | ![]() |
2.11 | 1.79 |
157 | ![]() |
1.79 | 1.78 |
158 | ![]() |
1.70 | 1.78 |
159 | ![]() |
1.85 | 1.78 |
160 | ![]() |
1.82 | 1.77 |
161 | ![]() |
1.90 | 1.76 |
162 | ![]() |
1.80 | 1.75 |
163 | ![]() |
1.76 | 1.75 |
164 | ![]() |
1.73 | 1.74 |
165 | ![]() |
1.70 | 1.73 |
166 | ![]() |
1.85 | 1.73 |
167 | ![]() |
2.04 | 1.73 |
168 | ![]() |
1.83 | 1.73 |
169 | ![]() |
2.20 | 1.71 |
170 | ![]() |
1.72 | 1.71 |
171 | ![]() |
1.70 | 1.69 |
172 | ![]() |
1.53 | 1.67 |
173 | ![]() |
1.64 | 1.66 |
174 | ![]() |
1.63 | 1.66 |
175 | ![]() |
1.70 | 1.65 |
176 | ![]() |
1.64 | 1.65 |
177 | ![]() |
2.15 | 1.65 |
178 | ![]() |
1.61 | 1.65 |
179 | ![]() |
1.88 | 1.64 |
180 | ![]() |
1.60 | 1.60 |
181 | ![]() |
1.56 | 1.58 |
182 | ![]() |
1.82 | 1.58 |
183 | ![]() |
1.51 | 1.57 |
184 | ![]() |
1.53 | 1.56 |
185 | ![]() |
1.49 | 1.51 |
186 | ![]() |
1.92 | 1.51 |
187 | ![]() |
- | 1.50 |
188 | ![]() |
1.47 | 1.49 |
189 | ![]() |
1.13 | 1.48 |
190 | ![]() |
1.47 | 1.44 |
191 | ![]() |
1.41 | 1.43 |
192 | ![]() |
1.19 | 1.42 |
193 | ![]() |
1.38 | 1.41 |
194 | ![]() |
1.94 | 1.41 |
195 | ![]() |
1.25 | 1.40 |
196 | ![]() |
1.35 | 1.40 |
197 | ![]() |
1.39 | 1.38 |
198 | ![]() |
1.35 | 1.38 |
199 | ![]() |
1.33 | 1.36 |
200 | ![]() |
1.47 | 1.35 |
201 | ![]() |
1.29 | 1.35 |
202 | ![]() |
1.25 | 1.34 |
203 | ![]() |
1.25 | 1.34 |
204 | ![]() |
1.25 | 1.32 |
205 | ![]() |
1.18 | 1.30 |
206 | ![]() |
1.15 | 1.30 |
207 | ![]() |
1.13 | 1.29 |
208 | ![]() |
1.38 | 1.27 |
209 | ![]() |
1.28 | 1.27 |
210 | ![]() |
1.63 | 1.26 |
211 | ![]() |
1.26 | 1.25 |
212 | ![]() |
1.71 | 1.24 |
213 | ![]() |
1.25 | 1.23 |
214 | ![]() |
1.18 | 1.23 |
215 | ![]() |
1.41 | 1.22 |
216 | ![]() |
1.85 | 1.22 |
217 | ![]() |
1.34 | 1.22 |
218 | ![]() |
1.72 | 1.20 |
219 | ![]() |
1.76 | 1.18 |
220 | ![]() |
1.76 | 1.13 |
221 | ![]() |
1.16 | 1.08 |
222 | ![]() |
1.27 | 1.00 |
223 | ![]() |
1.30 | 0.90 |
- Note: the only recognized and independent country that is missing from this list is Vatican City.
- Note: Macao and Hong Kong are not countries.
- Source: [1] Archived 2009-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
See also[మార్చు]
- Fertility rate
- Population growth
- Sub-replacement fertility
- Unintended pregnancy
- Aging of Europe
- Aging of Japan
మూలాలు[మార్చు]
- ↑ United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision – Table A.15
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 (in French)INSEE, Government of France. "Tableau P3D - Indicateurs généraux de population par département et région" (XLS). Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ↑ (in French)INSEE, Government of France. "3.3 - NATALITÉ - FÉCONDITÉ" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ↑ (in French) Institut de la statistique et des études économiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie (ISEE). "Évolution des naissances, des taux de natalité et de fécondité (on page 2 of the PDF)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 (in French) Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF). "Taux général de fécondité et taux de fécondité par âge en Polynésie Française" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2007-07-27.